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Newcastle disease (NDV) and infectious bronchitis (IB) viruses are the most infectious and serious diseases on poultry flocks Egypt. Several types of bivalent inactivated NDV and IB vaccines are used to prevent and decrease incidence of both viruses but efficacy of these vaccines should be monitored periodically to understand the main causes of those breaks. In the current study nine bivalent inactivated NDV and IB vaccines were randomly selected from different batches during routine work at central laboratory for evaluation of veterinary biologics in 2023. Quality control of nine vaccines was applied according to Egyptian standard regulations for evaluation of veterinary Biologics. Completion of inactivation test of nine vaccines for both NDV and IB viruses revealed negative haemaagglutination test for NDV and normal appearance of embryo of IB virus when inoculation in SPF eggs. Immunization of one week old SPF chickens of nine selected vaccines showed neither clinical signs nor mortalities. Collection of serum samples from all tested vaccines on 3rd and 4th weeks post vaccination showed variable immune response against NDV using Haemagglutination inhibition test and ELISA test against IB virus. Challenge trial of tested vaccines showed variable percent of protection (50% to 100%). Virus shedding in SPF eggs on 3rd, 5th, 7th and 10th days post challenge revealed significant amount of virus in oropharengeal swabs. This study showed validation of some bivalent inactivated NDV and IB vaccines batches in vaccination programs and invalidation of other batches for use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Botany is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is known that PID controller is used in every facet of industrial automation. The application of PID controller span from small industry to high technology industry. The aim of this paper is to design a position controller of a robot arm by selection of a PID parameters using genetic algorithm. The model of a robot arm is considered a third order system. And this paper compares two kinds of tuning methods of parameter for PID controller. One is the controller design by the genetic algorithm, second is the controller design by the Ziegler and Nichols method. It was found that the proposed PID parameters adjustment by the genetic algorithm is better than the Ziegler & Nichols' method. The proposed method could be applied to the higher order system also. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Rafadain Engineering Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There has been a lack of a satisfactory solution for identifying and locating evolving faults in unbalanced distribution systems. The proposed approach is based on the cross-correlation technique as a key element for fault detection and location. Evolving faults, in this context, refer to two sequential faults that result in a change of fault phase. The captured QRS value reflects the occurrence of the second fault occurrence. In order to identify Evolving Faults, it makes use of the signal that is currently being monitored at any given point in the network. Typical system occurrences, such as a short circuit fault that grew into another short circuit fault, as well as cross-country faults, are simulated, and according to the suggested technique, they are accurately differentiated from one another. Using a real-time simulator, rigorous simulations are performed on the modified IEEE 240 bus distribution system. The results of these simulations reveal that they have the potential to uncover defects that are constantly changing. Regardless of the fault (location\resistance\inception angle), location of the monitored point, or sample frequency that is selected, the suggested approach is unaffected by any of these factors. In addition, the slime mold optimization approach is utilized in order to get the best monitoring points that accurately identify the bus in which the evolving fault has taken place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colon cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies in both men and women. This study investigated the anticancer efficacy of a new synthetic form of quinolone nanoparticles (QNPs) against colon cancer cells. As an experimental model, we investigated methods to prevent the development of colon cancer in adult male albino rats induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). Methods: Forty adult male rats (weighing 150-200 g) were randomly assigned to four groups of ten as follows: Group 1: Normal rats considered the reference group. Group 2: Normal rats treated intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg/day of quinolone. Group 3: Rats with induced colon cancer by DMH. Group 4: Rats with colon cancer, as the experimental model, and administered QNPs at 100 μg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Results: The results showed that QNPs significantly improved the treatment of induced colon cancer in rats. This finding was supported by significant increases in CD4, colon SOD, and GPx activity, as well as in GSH and CAT levels. Further discoveries included a significant decline in the serum values of CEA, CA19-9, AFP, TNF-α, IL1β, ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglycerides, colon DNA damage, MDA, and NO. The histopathological results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of QNPs, which were successful in halting the development of colon cancer in an experimental animal model. Conclusion: The findings of the current study demonstrated that QNPs were able to prevent colon cancer in rats by enhancing their immune system, lowering inflammatory markers, and improving damaged oxidative stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a wearable exoskeleton arm was designed and controlled with different control methods to help people with muscle disorders in their arms and support treatment. The developed robot arm was transferred to Simulink software with the Simmechanics application. Two electromyography (EMG) muscle sensors and the ADXL335 position and acceleration sensors attach to the human arm's biceps and triceps muscle areas. As the human moved the arm, data were obtained from the EMG muscle sensors and the ADXL335 position and acceleration sensor. The received data were first trained with the fuzzy logic algorithm. The same data were then trained with machine learning algorithms in Simulink software. It has been determined that the best result is the quadratic support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The fuzzy logic algorithm trained with the PID controller block and the received sensor data have been added to the degrees of freedom regions that will enable rotation in the block diagram of the previously exported system. Later, the fuzzy logic block was removed and the machine learning algorithm, the quadratic SVM algorithm, was added. The designed system was operated with two different control systems, and the control algorithm closest to the human arm movement was determined. In addition, each part of the system, whose design was prepared, was removed and assembled separately with a 3D printer. ESP32 microcontroller development board was used to control the system, and it was run in real-time with EMG muscle sensors and position sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power quality (PQ) is a major issue in today's electrical system that affects both utilities and customers. The proliferation of power electronics devices, smart grid technology, and renewable energy sources (RES) have all contributed to the emergence of PQ concerns in today's power system. The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is a versatile tool that can be used to fix distribution grid issues caused by irregular voltage, current, or frequency. Several tuning parameters, however, restrict the effectiveness of the Fractional-Order Proportional Integral Derivative (FOPID) control technique, which is proposed to improve UPQC performance. To move beyond these restrictions and find the optimal solution for the FOPID controller problem, a hybrid optimization strategy called the Hybrid Jellyfish Search Optimizer and Particle Swarm Optimizer (HJSPSO) is employed. To meet the load requirement during PQ issue periods, the suggested model incorporates a renewable energy source into the grid system. Whether the load is linear or non-linear, the design maintains PQ problems to a minimum. Furthermore, the FOPID control technique is compared with other controllers. Results show that grid-connected RES systems using the proposed FOPID control approach for UPQC have fewer PQ problems. The presented UPQC with HJSPSO strategy significantly outperformed, with the shortest computing time of 127.474 s and an objective function value of 1.423. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing impact of climate change and rising occurrences of natural disasters pose substantial threats to power systems. Strengthening resilience against these low-probability, high-impact events is crucial. The proposition of reconfiguring traditional power systems into advanced networked microgrids (NMGs) emerges as a promising solution. Consequently, a growing body of research has focused on NMG-based techniques to achieve a more resilient power system. This paper provides an updated, comprehensive review of the literature, particularly emphasizing two main categories: networked microgrids' configuration and networked microgrids' control. The study explores key facets of NMG configurations, covering formation, power distribution, and operational considerations. Additionally, it delves into NMG control features, examining their architecture, modes, and schemes. Each aspect is reviewed based on problem modeling/formulation, constraints, and objectives. The review examines findings and highlights the research gaps, focusing on key elements such as frequency and voltage stability, reliability, costs associated with remote switches and communication technologies, and the overall resilience of the network. On that basis, a unified problem-solving approach addressing both the configuration and control aspects of stable and reliable NMGs is proposed. The article concludes by outlining potential future trends, offering valuable insights for researchers in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electric vehicles (EVs) are now having a great interest, not only from researchers or manufacturers but from governments and people. Therefore, research and development for this type of vehicle are very important and even reach the point of necessity. The thermal performance of this type of these vehicles is very important and it needs to be studied because it has a great impact on the efficiency of these vehicles entirely. Therefore, this work extracts the heat of the most vital part of these vehicles, which is the electric motor. Now, the most common installed motor for EVs is the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Sometimes it is hardly to install sufficient sensors to measure the temperature of the motor accurately, but through measurements of current and by referring to the specifications of the motor, we can expect the temperatures for this engine. For a large number of experiments, all feasible measurements were taken, and the results were saved to later become the data store required for the prediction process. Several machine learning tools have been used to get the best temperature prediction such as extra-tree, bagging k-nearest neighbors (KNN), voting regressor, random forest, and boosting algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Changes in climatic circumstances, as well as intermittency, which has a significant impact on the overall energy system output from renewable energy sources (RESs), require the development of control strategies for extracting the maximum power available from RESs. To accomplish this task, several techniques have been developed. An efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique should be utilized to guarantee that both wind-generation and PV-generation systems provide their full advantages. In this paper, a new MPPT approach with jellyfish search optimization (JSO) is developed; in addition, a unified power-quality conditioner (UPQC) is utilized to enhance the performance of the microgrid (MG) and to solve the power-quality issues for the sensitive load. The MG, which includes a photovoltaic (PV), a wind turbine, and a fuel cell battery, is examined and modeled for uniform and nonuniform wind speed and solar irradiance. A comparison between the developed algorithm and different maximum power tracking algorithms is presented. Additionally, four case studies are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the introduced UPQC in enhancing power-quality problems. The research outcome shows high performance from the developed algorithm when assessed with additional algorithms. MATLAB/Simulink software is utilized for the simulation of the wind, PV, and FC control systems. However, experiment validation tests are given under the same condition of PV irradiation to validate the simulation results. The experimental validation is executed by utilizing the PV module simulation model, threefold, 23 V/2A CO3208-1A with solar altitude emulator CO3208-1B board, and the results are compared to the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scope: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a common female infertility problem, with its pathogenesis remains unknown. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3)-mediated pyroptosis has been proposed as a possible mechanism in POI. This study investigates the therapeutic effect of α-ketoglutarate (AKG) on ovarian reserve function in POI rats and further explores the potential molecular mechanisms., Methods and Results: POI rats are caused by administration of cyclophosphamide (CTX) to determine whether AKG has a protective effect. AKG treatment increases the ovarian index, maintains both serum hormone levels and follicle number, and improves the ovarian reserve function in POI rats, as evidence by increased the level of lactate and the expression of rate-limiting enzymes of glycolysis in the ovaries, additionally reduced the expression of NLRP3, Gasdermin D (GSDMD), Caspase-1, Interleukin-18 (IL-18), and Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β). In vitro, KGN cells are treated with LPS and nigericin to mimic pyroptosis, then treated with AKG and MCC950. AKG inhibits inflammatory and pyroptosis factors such as NLRP3, restores the glycolysis process in vitro, meanwhile inhibition of NLRP3 has the same effect., Conclusion: AKG ameliorates CTX-induced POI by inhibiting NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis, which provides a new therapeutic strategy and drug target for clinical POI patients., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

This paper proposes an economical-environmental-technical dispatch (EETD) model for adjusted IEEE 30-bus and IEEE 57-bus systems, including thermal and high penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs). Total fuel costs, emissions level, power losses, voltage deviation, and voltage stability are the five objectives addressed in this work. A large set of equality and inequality constraints are included in the problem formulation. Metaheuristic optimization approaches—Coronavirus herd immunity optimizer (CHIO), salp swarm algorithm (SSA), and ant lion optimizer (ALO)—are used to identify the optimal cost of generation, emissions, voltage deviation, losses, and voltage stability solutions. Several scenarios are reviewed to validate the problem-solving competency of the defined optimisation model. Numerous scenarios are studied to verify the proficiency of the optimisation model in problem-solving. The multi-objective problem is converted into a normalized one-objective issue through a weighted sum-approach utilizing the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Additionally, the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) is presented for identifying the optimal value of Pareto alternatives. Ultimately, the results achieved reveal that the proposed CHIO performs the other approaches in the EETD problem-solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the analysis of a new surfactant obtained from the lauryl myristyl alcohol ethoxylate designated here LMAEO-9 which is studied as corrosion inhibitor in an acidic medium. Its chemical structure was investigated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and its critical micelles concentration was measured via the tension of the surface. The analysis of the inhibition efficiency for the dissolution of stainless steel 304 in 1.0 m hydrochloric acid was performed using electrochemical and nonelectrochemical methods with and without different concentrations, confirming the data by quantum calculations. The measured data included the substance temperature, its concentration and composition. The adsorption of this compound on the stainless steel 304 surface obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. Studies of polarization have shown that this surfactant acts as mixed (both anodic and cathodic) inhibitor. The attenuated total reflection infrared and the atomic force microscopy techniques revealed the effect of this inhibitor on the stainless steel 304 surface morphology. The parameters were analyzed and calculated in an active state of the substrate. All data obtained vis various techniques were consistent and in line with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aortic vascular graft infections have high morbidity and mortality rate, however, patients often do not show symptoms. Continuous implant surface monitoring will allow for early detection of infections on implant surfaces, which allows for antibiotic treatment prior to biofilm formation. We explore the possibility of using heat flux sensors mounted on an aortic vascular graft to sense the localized heat production at the onset of infectious growth. We apply Finite Element Model simulations to demonstrate changes of the heat transfer coefficient depending on different pulsatile flow parameters. We determine various differences, the main influence being the distance travelled from the inlet of the simulation with the highest heat transfer coefficient closest to the inlet and decreasing along the direction of travel of the fluid. The determined range of heat transfer coefficients of 200 to 4800 W/m 2 was applied to a second simulation of the thermal environment of the implant. We determined the heat transfer efficiency of the aortic graft system depending on different graft materials and thicknesses. We are further able to determine that the early detection of infection is possible by comparing the simulated amount of heat flux produced locally with the resolution of a commercial heat flux sensor., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

The effect of the imidazole derivatives on corrosion behavior of copper in acid rain solution was investigated. Electrochemical methods, quantum chemical calculations and SEM–EDS analysis was used during the work. Results show that inhibition efficiency of 1,1′-sulfonylimidazole, 2-mercapto-1-methylimidazole and 1,2-dimethylimidazole improves with the increase of inhibitors concentration. Surface analysis confirmed that a protective layer is formed on the electrode surface. SEM–EDS analysis of the copper electrode surface confirmed adsorption of inhibitor on active sites on electrode surface. Adsorption of inhibitors in acid rain solution follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Quantum chemical calculations confirmed results obtained by electrochemical measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flow and heat transfer characteristics of Maxwell fluid in a pipe under pulsating pressure gradient were studied. The governing equations were made dimensionless. The Rubin boundary condition was adopted. The flow field was solved theoretically and the temperature field was obtained using finite volume method. A general model suitable for various fluctuating characteristics and physical parameters was established. The Deborah number (De) was used to characterize the fluidity of the fluid. The influence of De on flow and temperature fields was evaluated. The Nusselt number and start-up process of Maxwell fluid were studied. Results showed that the influence of De on flow field was greater than that on temperature field. The effect of De on Nusselt number was irregular and related to the oscillation parameters. The over-shooting amplitude and oscillation time of axis center velocity in start-up flow grow larger with De. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd, and Co in molluscan shells and associated surface sediments from four sites on the Gulf of Aqaba and Red Sea coasts, Egypt, were measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results revealed an apparent difference in the ability of each species regarding accumulating heavy metals in its shell. These results showed that Tridacna squamosa has the highest accumulation ability for Pb, Ni, and Zn, and Chama pacifica has the highest accumulation capability for Co and Cd, whereas Periglypta reticulata has the highest accumulation ability for Cu. The results also showed that there is a positive correlation between the concentration of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni and the size of shell. Simultaneously, there is a negative correlation with Fe, Mn, Co, and Cd. The results of bio-accumulation of molluscan species were consistent with the enrichment factors for sediments, where the Hurghada site was extremely enriched with Pb and very enriched with Cu, Zn, and Ni. Moreover, the Quseir site was extremely enriched with Cd and very enriched with Pb. The Um al-Sid site was severe enriched with Cd and Pb. Meanwhile, the Ras Mohamed site was severe enriched with Pb and nearly unpolluted with other metals. Heavy metals can enter the studied ecosystem by terrigenous and anthropogenic sources as a weathering process of the nearby beaches and mountains, ship maintenance, industrial activities, wastewater, and traffic exhaust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new star shape tetra-cationic surfactant was synthesized to evaluate as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in different acid media. This surfactant prepared by the reaction of tris(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) O,O′,O′′-(nitrilotris(ethane-2,1-diyl)) trimaleate with 1-bromododecane and abbreviated as STCS. The chemical structure of the prepared surfactant was confirmed by FT-IR, 13C and 1HNMR and elemental analysis. Their aggregation behavior in watery solution was explored by surface tension measurements. The surface tension of water was decreased nearly to 35 mN m−1 when adding the surfactant. This result demonstrates that the surfactant shows remarkable surface activity, due to the effect of the head groups. Corrosion inhibition efficiency of the surfactant on the carbon steel surface in 1 M hydrochloride acid and 1 M H2SO4 was evaluated using the electrochemical measurements. These measurements revealed that the synthesized surfactant act as effective mixed-type corrosion inhibitors. Their adsorption on a carbon steel surface was well described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Corrosion inhibition efficiency was enhanced with increasing the concentration of inhibitor and increasing the temperatures. The results of the quantum chemical calculations and the electrochemical measurements were in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducing1-(2-aminoethyl)-1-dodecyl-2-undecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium chloride (LQI), 1-(2-aminoethyl)-1-dodecyl-2-tridecyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-ium chloride (MQI) as two organic structures quaternary ammonium salts, which have been made and analyzed by FTIR, 1H NMR spectroscopic methods. (X-65) carbon steel's corrosion in naturally formed rocks' oil wells formation water in the nonappearance (Blank) and using a wide range of concentrations (50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 ppm) of these cationic surfactants, as inhibition blockers using direct current (DC), alternative current (AC) electrochemical ways. To sum up, the inhibition efficiency grew with up the gradual rise in the inhibitor content till having peaked at (500 ppm) registered (94.83%) for (MQI). Specifically, carbon steel's morphology was closely inspected with the aid of highly automated scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray facilities. As a matter of fact, quantum chemical calculations enriched the theoretical study of the (LQI, MQI) compounds depend on energy levels', energy maps, and 3D structures consideration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diet plays a key role to maintaining healthy life. Many natural products present in our diet, such as flavonoids, can prevent the progression of cancer. Quercetin, a distinctive bioactive flavonoid, is a dietary component that has attracted the attention of dietitians and medicinal chemists due to its numerous health-promoting effects. It is an outstanding antioxidant that has a well-documented role in reducing different human cancers. Quercetin exhibits direct proapoptotic effects on tumor cells and thus can inhibit the progress of numerous human cancers. The anticancer effect of quercetin has been documented in numerous in vitro and in vivo studies that involved several cell lines and animal models. On the other hand, the high toxic effect of quercetin against cancer cells is accompanied with little or no side effects or harm to normal cells. Accordingly, this review presents an overview of recent developments on the use of quercetin against different types of cancer along with mechanisms of action. In addition, the present review summarizes the literature pertaining to quercetin as an anticancer agent and provides an assessment of the potential utilization of this natural compound as a complimentary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Chemistry is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study is to investigate the corrosion inhibition of API N80 steel pipelines in 1M HCl solution by a synthesized compound (N-(3-(dimethyl octyl ammonio) propyl) palmitamide bromide, subjected to four different modes of measurements. Weight loss (WL) was investigated at five different temperatures: 25-60°C, while potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) were tested at 25°C. The result showed that the synthesized inhibitor was good and its protection efficiency (%η) significantly increased by increasing both the dose and the temperature. The polarization curve revealed that the studied inhibitor acts as mixed-type of inhibitor. Adsorption of the investigated inhibitor led to a reduction in the double layer capacitance and an increase in the charge transfer resistance. The adsorption of this inhibitor was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption model. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated and discussed. A clear correlation was found between corrosion protection efficiency and theoretical parameters obtained using density functional theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]