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Background: The majority of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients develop skin lesions at some point during the course of the disease. The occurrence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may increase the transmission and progression of HIV. Hence, it is essential to study the various infectious and noninfectious dermatoses. Objectives: (1) To study the various STDs and to familiarize with the atypical presentation of various STDs in HIV infected individuals. (2) To study clinical and epidemiological aspects of various dermatological manifestations in HIV infected individuals. (3) To identify dermatological manifestations as indicators (markers) of HIV/acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome progression. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on known HIV-positive individuals attending the outpatient department of Dermatology in Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, with symptoms suggestive of skin disease or sexually transmitted infections. A detailed clinical history and physical examination were done in all cases. Wherever necessary, relevant investigations were done to confirm the diagnosis in patients. Statistical analysis used: Results were tabulated and analyzed using simple statistical methods. Results: A total of 500 patients were recruited in the study among whom 363 (72.6%) had only dermatological manifestations, 127 (25.4%) had sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and 10 (2%) had overlap manifestations. The majority of them were in the age group of 28–37 years. The most common STI observed was herpes genitalis, followed by genital warts and genital molluscum contagiosum. Pruritic Papular Dermatoses were found to be the most common noninfectious dermatosis. Conclusions: There is a need to know the atypical manifestations of various dermatoses in HIV patients, as these conditions may pose a diagnostic dilemma to the treating dermatologist. This ensures correct diagnosis and the necessary treatment.

Introduction: Genital dermatoses which can be venereal or non-venereal in nature are common in a significant number of women. The female non-venereal genital dermatoses can be classified into congenital anomalies, infections and infestations, inflammatory conditions, benign and malignant neoplasms. Local factors such as moisture, warmth, friction and irritants may alter the morphology of lesions involving the genital area thereby causing a diagnostic dilemma to the treating physician. Till date, few studies are published on the genital dermatoses of nonvenereal origin in females. Hence, the present study was undertaken to determine the various female non-venereal genital dermatoses for their appropriate understanding and management. Materials and Methods: A prospective observation study was carried out on women above 18 years of age attending the outpatient department of PESIMSR, Kuppam from September 2018 to June 2019 with complaints of genital lesions. A detailed clinical history, examination and basic investigations were performed on recruited women to rule out sexually transmitted infections. Women with only non-venereal dermatoses were included in the study. Results: A total of 97 women were included in the study. The most common dermatoses observed were vitiligo (15.4%), candidal intertrigo (13.4%), lichen sclerosus (11.3%), lichen simplex chronicus (10.3%) and irritant contact dermatitis (10.3%). Other dermatoses included were folliculitis, lichen planus, pemphigus vulgaris, drug eruptions, tinea cruris, herpes zoster, bartholin cyst, psoriasis and behcet's disease. Conclusion: This study concludes that all dermatoses involving the genital area are not sexually transmitted and the need for health education regarding the non-venereal skin conditions is necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pachyonychia congenita (PC) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by hyperkeratosis affecting the nails and palmoplantar areas, oral leucokeratosis, and cystic lesions. It is classically subdivided into two major variants, PC-1 (Jadassohn-Lewandowski syndrome) and PC-2 (Jackson-Lawler syndrome), according to the localization of the mutations in the KRT6A/KRT16 or KRT6B/KRT17 genes, respectively. We report a 9-year-old male patient with a history of thickened, discolored nails, raised spiny skin lesions all over the body since birth with focal plantar keratoderma and absence of natal teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]