414 results on '"Amigues S"'
Search Results
2. Development of a multiparametric (bio)sensing platform for continuous monitoring of stress metabolites.
- Author
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Chmayssem A, Verplanck N, Tanase CE, Costa G, Monsalve-Grijalba K, Amigues S, Alias M, Gougis M, Mourier V, Vignoud S, Ghaemmaghami AM, and Mailley P
- Subjects
- Cell Culture Techniques, Hydrogen Peroxide, Lactic Acid, Nitrites, Biosensing Techniques, Microfluidics
- Abstract
There is a growing need for real-time monitoring of metabolic products that could reflect cell damages over extended periods. In this paper, we report the design and development of an original multiparametric (bio)sensing platform that is tailored for the real-time monitoring of cell metabolites derived from cell cultures. Most attractive features of our developed electrochemical (bio)sensing platform are its easy manufacturing process, that enables seamless scale-up, modular and versatile approach, and low cost. In addition, the developed platform allows a multiparametric analysis instead of single-analyte analysis. Here we provide an overview of the sensors-based analysis of four main factors that can indicate a possible cell deterioration problem during cell-culture: pH, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide/nitrite and lactate. Herein, we are proposing a sensors platform based on thick-film coupled to microfluidic technology that can be integrated into any microfluidic system using Luer-lock connectors. This platform allows obtaining an accurate analysis of the secreting stress metabolites during cell/tissues culture., (Crown Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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3. Alzheimer's pathology causes impaired inhibitory connections and reactivation of spatial codes during spatial navigation.
- Author
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Prince SM, Paulson AL, Jeong N, Zhang L, Amigues S, and Singer AC
- Subjects
- Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Animals, Brain Waves physiology, CA1 Region, Hippocampal metabolism, Disease Models, Animal, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Interneurons pathology, Male, Memory physiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Pyramidal Cells pathology, Synapses pathology, Synaptic Transmission physiology, Virtual Reality, Alzheimer Disease physiopathology, CA1 Region, Hippocampal physiopathology, Interneurons metabolism, Pyramidal Cells metabolism, Spatial Navigation physiology, Synapses metabolism
- Abstract
Synapse loss and altered synaptic strength are thought to underlie cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD) by disrupting neural activity essential for memory. While synaptic dysfunction in AD has been well characterized in anesthetized animals and in vitro, it remains unknown how synaptic transmission is altered during behavior. By measuring synaptic efficacy as mice navigate in a virtual reality task, we find deficits in interneuron connection strength onto pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 in the 5XFAD mouse model of AD. These inhibitory synaptic deficits are most pronounced during sharp-wave ripples, network oscillations important for memory that require inhibition. Indeed, 5XFAD mice exhibit fewer and shorter sharp-wave ripples with impaired place cell reactivation. By showing inhibitory synaptic dysfunction in 5XFAD mice during spatial navigation behavior and suggesting a synaptic mechanism underlying deficits in network activity essential for memory, this work bridges the gap between synaptic and neural activity deficits in AD., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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- 2021
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4. P192 BOVINE, PORCINE AND ICHTHYIC CHONDROITIN SULFATE DECREASE IL-1beta EFFECTS ON NO PRODUCTION AND APOPTOSIS: CORRELATION WITH MOLECULAR MODELING DATA
- Author
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Heraud, F., primary, Burger, F., additional, Rebuffet, E., additional, Amigues, S., additional, Soler, C., additional, and Imberty, A., additional
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- 2006
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5. Threaded Structure of a Pathological Oblivion.
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Prida, Liset M de la
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BRAIN diseases ,PYRAMIDAL neurons ,MEMORY disorders ,EPILEPTIFORM discharges ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,LABORATORY mice - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of progressive dementia in older people, and synaptic loss is a major correlate of cognitive severity.[1] Studying brain diseases has traditionally informed understanding of brain function. Keywords: sharp waves; ripples; replay; Alzheimer's disease EN sharp waves ripples replay Alzheimer's disease 457 459 3 12/14/21 20211101 NES 211101 I Alzheimer's Pathology Causes Impaired Inhibitory Connections and Reactivation of Spatial Codes During Spatial Navigation i Prince SM, Paulson AL, Jeong N, Zhang L, Amigues S, Singer AC. During sequence replay, neurons fire in a chain, and it is proposed that it is the interplay between pyramidal cells and interneurons that pace the ripple.[7] Therefore, if the interneuron-to-pyramidal cell thread weakens, the chain should be broken. By measuring synaptic efficacy as mice navigate in a virtual reality task, we find deficits in interneuron connection strength onto pyramidal cells in hippocampal CA1 in the 5 relevant human familial mutations (5XFAD) of the mouse model of AD. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2021
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6. Theophraste. Recherches sur les plantes 2
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Geerinck, D., primary and Amigues, S., additional
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- 1990
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7. Improving tumor microenvironment assessment in chip systems through next-generation technology integration.
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Gaebler, Daniela, Hachey, Stephanie J., and Hughes, Christopher C. W.
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- 2024
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8. Braiding Fruits and Flowers as a Wish of Prosperity and Victory over Death in the Carved Festoons of Ancient Rome.
- Author
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Lazzara, Alessandro, Kumbaric, Alma, Pergola, Agnese, and Caneva, Giulia
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FIG ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,ENGLISH oak ,SPECIES distribution ,PEARS - Abstract
Plant motifs had a significant role in ancient cultures, with decorative, artistic, and communicative values. However, little knowledge exists of the botanical composition of festoons, widely used in Greek-Roman art. We analysed 81 festoons, exclusively from sculpture artworks, collected from 13 museums and archaeological sites in Rome (1st century BC–3rd century AD). Using iconographic sources and previous data, we identified the represented species and analysed their abundance and composition using statistical methods (Cluster Analysis, Principal Components Analysis) and diversity indexes (Shannon and Evenness). We documented 3081 botanical elements, identifying 30 taxa, in which fruits with leaves (45%) or alone (10%) represented the most common ones. Laurus nobilis and Quercus cfr. robur were the most frequently depicted species, followed by "pomes" (Pyrus, Malus, Cydonia), Vitis vinifera, Punica granatum, and Ficus carica. Festoons with one or two species can be easily distinguished from those with multiple species, often arranged with figs or vine branches at the ends, with symbolic aims related to fertility, rebirth, and abundance values. A balanced botanical composition also exists, with flowers typically in the middle and a species distribution that is not casual. The results enriched our comprehension of ancient Roman society, considering funerary and celebrative events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Trees and the significance of sacred grove imagery in Etruscan funerary paintings at Tarquinia (Italy).
- Author
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Caneva, Giulia, Zangari, Giulio, Lazzara, Alessandro, D'Amato, Luca, and Maras, Daniele F.
- Abstract
The funerary paintings at Tarquinia, recognized for their extraordinary cultural and artistic importance, reflect the Etruscan aristocracy's outlook on life, funeral rites, and their concept of the afterlife, such as their relationship with nature. Despite their recurrence, a botanical analysis of the painted trees was lacking. Here, we analysed 34 Etruscan-painted tombs, looking at the arboreal plants, studying their characteristic architecture, and providing key elements resulting from abstractions from real features for understanding how different species are represented. The identification was supported by a bibliography of Etruscan iconography and botanical atlas and online databases useful for the comparison with the diagnostic elements present in the represented trees. The results show that myrtles (Myrtus communis) and laurels (Laurus nobilis) were the most commonly depicted arboreal species in the fifth and fourth century BC tombs, respectively. Myrtles were prominent in funerary celebrations due to the plant's Dionysian connection, and laurel was sacred within Apollonian rites. To a lesser extent, we also found palms, with their auspicious symbolism (hybrid forms combining Chamaerops humilis and Phoenix dactylifera), and single occurrences of fig (Ficus carica), and fir (Picea cfr. excelsa). These findings help to better comprehend the role of trees in Etruscan culture, which here seem to contribute to the representation of a sacred space within the funerary tomb, in keeping with the ancient concept of the sacred forests or "nemora". The regular repetition of trees also helps to project sequences of temporal events and the progress of time in human life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Recent Advances in Applied Electrochemistry: A Review.
- Author
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Yammine, Paolo, El-Nakat, Hanna, Kassab, Rima, Mansour, Agapy, El Khoury, Bilal, Koumeir, Diala, Matar, Zeinab, and Chmayssem, Ayman
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ELECTROCHEMISTRY ,CLEAN energy ,ANALYTICAL chemistry ,ELECTROCHEMICAL apparatus ,ENERGY conversion - Abstract
Applied electrochemistry (AE) plays today an important role in a wide range of fields, including energy conversion and storage, processes, environment, (bio)analytical chemistry, and many others. Electrochemical synthesis is now proven as a promising pathway to avoid all disadvantages in terms of high energy consumption and high pollution, while electrochemical modeling becomes a powerful tool to understand complex systems and predict and optimize the electrochemical devices under various conditions, which reduce study time and cost. The vital role of electrochemistry will greatly be considered in the upcoming years, aiming to reduce carbon footprints and supporting the transition towards a green and more sustainable energy framework. This review article summarizes the recent advances in applied electrochemistry. It shows how this field has become an indispensable tool for innovation, progress, problem-solving in the modern world, and addressing societal challenges across diverse fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Differential disruptions in population coding along the dorsal-ventral axis of CA1 in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Aβ pathology.
- Author
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Chockanathan, Udaysankar and Padmanabhan, Krishnan
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ANIMAL navigation ,LABORATORY mice ,ANIMAL disease models ,THETA rhythm ,ALZHEIMER'S patients ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,PATHOLOGY ,ARTIFICIAL membranes - Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by a range of behavioral alterations, including memory loss and psychiatric symptoms. While there is evidence that molecular pathologies, such as amyloid beta (Aβ), contribute to AD, it remains unclear how this histopathology gives rise to such disparate behavioral deficits. One hypothesis is that Aβ exerts differential effects on neuronal circuits across brain regions, depending on the neurophysiology and connectivity of different areas. To test this, we recorded from large neuronal populations in dorsal CA1 (dCA1) and ventral CA1 (vCA1), two hippocampal areas known to be structurally and functionally diverse, in the APP/PS1 mouse model of amyloidosis. Despite similar levels of Aβ pathology, dCA1 and vCA1 showed distinct disruptions in neuronal population activity as animals navigated a virtual reality environment. In dCA1, pairwise correlations and entropy, a measure of the diversity of activity patterns, were decreased in APP/PS1 mice relative to age-matched C57BL/6 controls. However, in vCA1, APP/PS1 mice had increased pair-wise correlations and entropy as compared to age matched controls. Finally, using maximum entropy models, we connected the microscopic features of population activity (correlations) to the macroscopic features of the population code (entropy). We found that the models' performance increased in predicting dCA1 activity, but decreased in predicting vCA1 activity, in APP/PS1 mice relative to the controls. Taken together, we found that Aβ exerts distinct effects across different hippocampal regions, suggesting that the various behavioral deficits of AD may reflect underlying heterogeneities in neuronal circuits and the different disruptions that Aβ pathology causes in those circuits. Author summary: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) experience an array of cognitive deficits, such as memory loss and executive dysfunction, as well as behavioral symptoms, such as agitation and anxiety. However, it is unclear how these myriad deficits arise from the molecular and cellular hallmarks of AD, such as amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. In the current study, we sought to bridge this gap by studying how neural activity is disrupted in the context of Aβ pathology. We recorded the activity of large populations of neurons in two different brain regions, the dorsal and ventral CA1 subfields of the hippocampus, in a mouse model of Aβ pathology as animals navigated a virtual reality environment. Using statistical approaches to quantify the features of the population code, we showed that the disruptions to neuronal activity in the Aβ model were different across these two regions. These results suggest that Aβ exerts diverse effects across different brain regions that likely reflect underlying heterogeneities in the circuits of the brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. Ecology, Cultivation, and Utilization of the Dittany of Crete (Origanum dictamnus L.) from Ancient Times to the Present: A Short Review.
- Author
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Solomou, Alexandra D., Fountouli, Anastasia, Molla, Aikaterini, Petrakis, Manolis, Manolikaki, Ioanna, and Skoufogianni, Elpiniki
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ORIGANUM ,AROMATIC plants ,ESSENTIAL oils ,ENDEMIC plants ,MEDICINAL plants ,DRUG disposal - Abstract
Medicinal and aromatic plants are a consistent component of the biodiversity heritage in numerous countries worldwide. Origanum dictamnus L. (Lamiaceae family), also known as Dittany, an endemic plant of the Greek island of Crete, has been widely used as traditional medicine since antiquity, all over Europe. The aim of the present review is to provide a thorough and detailed account of Dittany in antiquity, the plant's physical characteristics and ecology, and its cultivation methods, as well as its chemical components, biological properties, and pharmacological studies. The information is presented and analyzed in a critical manner. A total of 86 research studies were systematically reviewed based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The findings indicate that Dittany is one of the most important medicinal and aromatic plants, with many uses not only in pharmacology but also in gastronomy. While a large body of literature exists regarding the application of essential oils, the number of publications concerning the plant's cultivation is rather small. Therefore, the main focus of this review is on the cultivation methods and the significance of cultivating and employing Dittany in Greece and the wider Mediterranean region in the future. Further research on this plant species is warranted since it has significant medicinal, economic, and environmental value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Development of olive cultivation at the site of Sikyon, Greece: evidence from the charred olive remains from the late Classical/early Hellenistic to the Roman period.
- Author
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Tsirtsi, Kyriaki, Pagnoux, Clémence, Bonhomme, Vincent, Ivorra, Sarah, Terral, Jean-Fréderic, and Margaritis, Evi
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- 2024
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14. [A note on white hellebore in Dioscorides IV, 148].
- Author
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Amigues S
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- Greek World history, History, Ancient, Roman World history, Botany history, Helleborus, Plants, Medicinal
- Published
- 1999
15. [The hyacinth: mythical flower and real plant].
- Author
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Amigues S
- Subjects
- Botany history, Greek World history, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, Eponyms, Flowers, Hyacinthus, Mythology
- Published
- 1992
16. Quelques aspects de la forêt dans la littérature grecque antique
- Author
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AMIGUES, S., primary
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- 1980
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17. Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation improves spatial memory and modulates hippocampal neural oscillations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Shuai Zhang, Zhongsheng Guo, Yihao Xu, Jinrui Mi, Jun Liu, Zichun Li, Xiaofeng Xie, and Guizhi Xu
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease ,SPATIAL memory ,LABORATORY mice ,ANIMAL disease models ,OSCILLATIONS ,NEUROREHABILITATION - Abstract
Introduction: In our study, we applied transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS), a technique based on focused ultrasound stimulation within a static magnetic field, in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to explore the feasibility of TMAS on improving AD related spatial memory deficits and abnormal neural oscillations. Methods: Themice treated with TMAS once daily for 21 days. We recorded local field potential signals in the hippocampal CA1 region of the mice after TMAS treatment with in-vivo electrophysiology and evaluated the neural rehabilitative effect of TMAS with sharp-wave ripple (SWR), gamma oscillations during SWRs, and phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). The spatial memory function of the mice was examined by the Morris water maze (MWM) task. Results: We found that TMAS improved the performance of MWM related spatial cognitive functions compared with AD group. Furthermore, our results implied that TMAS alleviated abnormalities in hippocampal SWRs, increased slow gamma power during SWRs, and promoted theta-slow gamma phase-amplitude coupling. These findings suggest that TMAS could have a positive influence on spatial memory through the modulation of neural oscillations. Discussion: This work emphasizes the potential of TMAS to serve as a non-invasive method for Alzheimer's disease rehabilitation and promote the application of TMAS for the treatment of more neurological and brain aging diseases in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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18. Exploring the Remediation of Behavioral Disturbances of Spatial Cognition in Community-Dwelling Senior Citizens with Mild Cognitive Impairment via Innovative Technological Apparatus (BDSC-MCI Project): Protocol for a Prospective, Multi-Center Observational Study
- Author
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Cammisuli, Davide Maria, Tuena, Cosimo, Riva, Giuseppe, Repetto, Claudia, Axmacher, Nikolai, Chandreswaran, Varnan, Isella, Valeria, Pomati, Simone, Zago, Stefano, Difonzo, Teresa, Pavanello, Giada, Prete, Lorenzo Augusto, Stramba-Badiale, Marco, Mauro, Alessandro, Cattaldo, Stefania, and Castelnuovo, Gianluca
- Subjects
MILD cognitive impairment ,OLDER people ,MEDICAL periodicals ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,SCIENTIFIC observation - Abstract
Spatial navigation (SN) has been reported to be one of the first cognitive domains to be affected in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which occurs as a result of progressive neuropathology involving specific brain areas. Moreover, the epsilon 4 isoform of apolipoprotein-E (APOE-ε4) has been associated with both sporadic and familial late-onset AD, and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD are more likely to progressively deteriorate. Spatial navigation performance will be examined on a sample of 76 community-dwelling senior citizens (25 healthy controls; 25 individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD); and 26 patients with MCI due to AD) via a virtual computer-based task (i.e., the AppleGame) and a naturalistic task (i.e., the Detour Navigation Test—modified version) for which a wearable device with sensors will be used for recording gait data and revealing physiological parameters that may be associated with spatial disorientation. We expect that patients with MCI due to AD and APOE-ε4 carriers will show altered SN performances compared to individuals with SCD and healthy controls in the experimental tasks, and that VR testing may predict ecological performance. Impaired SN performances in people at increased risk of developing AD may inform future cognitive rehabilitation protocols for counteracting spatial disorientation that may occur during elders' traveling to unfamiliar locations. The research protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed medical journals and discussed in national and international congresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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19. Strontium isotope evidence for Pre-Islamic cotton cultivation in Arabia.
- Author
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Ryan, Saskia E., Douville, Eric, Dapoigny, Arnaud, Deschamps, Pierre, Battesti, Vincent, Guihou, Abel, Lebon, Matthieu, Rohmer, Jérome, Dabrowski, Vladimir, Prà, Patricia Dal, Nehmé, Laïla, Zazzo, Antoine, Bouchaud, Charlène, and Harlavan, Yehudit
- Subjects
STRONTIUM isotopes ,COTTON growing ,FARM produce ,TRADE routes ,AGROBIODIVERSITY - Abstract
With a view to understanding the dynamics of ancient trade and agrobiodiversity, archaeobotanical remains provide a means of tracing the trajectories of certain agricultural commodities. A prime example is cotton in Arabia, a plant that is nonnative but has been found in raw seed and processed textile form at Hegra and Dadan, in the region of al-'Ulā, north-western Saudi Arabia -- sites of critical importance given their role in the trans-Arabian trading routes during Antiquity. Here, we demonstrate that the measurement of strontium isotopes from pre-cleaned archaeological cotton is methodologically sound and is an informative addition to the study of ancient plant/textile provenance, in this case, putting forward evidence for local production of cotton in oasis agrosystems and possible external supply. The presence of locally-grown cotton at these sites from the late 1st c. BCE-mid 6th c. CE is significant as it demonstrates that cotton cultivation in Arabia was a Pre-Islamic socio-technical feat, while imported cotton highlights the dynamism of trade at that time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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20. Plants as Symbols of Power in the Achaemenid Iconography of Ancient Persian Monuments.
- Author
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Caneva, Giulia, Lazzara, Alessandro, and Hosseini, Zohreh
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CULTIVARS ,DATE palm ,RELIGIOUS idols ,MONUMENTS ,POWER plants ,PALMS ,MYRTLE (Plants) - Abstract
The art of the Achaemenid Empire flourished in Ancient Persia from the 6th to 4th centuries BCE, and featured stone-carved monumental structures adorned with recurring zoological and floral patterns. Such representations clearly had a symbolic meaning intimately connected to religious expression and the will of deities. Considering the lack of any comprehensive analysis of botanical features, we investigate the recurring plant patterns and the variety of plants depicted. An analysis of the documentation referring mainly to monuments in the two main capitals of Darius I, Persepolis and Susa, showed the presence of certain repetitive elements, such as the so-called rosettes (composed variously of Asteraceae capitula and Nymphaea flowers), palms (Phoenix dactylifera, the tree of life), pines, flowers or bunches and metamorphic elements. Some plants are described in this paper for the first time in the context of Persian iconography, such as Mandragora officinalis in offering scenes as a symbol of fertility and protection against evil spirits, Pinus brutia var. eldarica as a symbol of immortality and elevation to the gods, and the capitula of Matricaria/Leucanthemum as solar symbols. Further interesting elements include cf. Myrtus communis in some crowns and probably cf. Ephedra sp. in offering scenes. Achaemenid art was deeply influenced by the Zoroastrian religion of ancient Persia with its great attention to nature as well as by the nearby civilizations of the Mesopotamian area and Egypt. Most elements were also associated with psychotropic or medicinal attributes, which contributed to their position as symbols of power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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21. Progressive Excitability Changes in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex in the 3xTg Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology.
- Author
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Lingxuan Chen, Wick, Zoé Christenson, Vetere, Lauren M., Vaughan, Nick, Jurkowski, Albert, Galas, Angelina, Diego, Keziah S., Philipsberg, Paul A., Soler, Ivan, Yu Feng, Cai, Denise J., and Shuman, Tristan
- Subjects
ENTORHINAL cortex ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,PATHOLOGY ,PYRAMIDAL neurons ,LABORATORY mice ,ANIMAL disease models - Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss and progressive cognitive impairments. In mouse models of AD pathology, studies have found neuronal and synaptic deficits in hippocampus, but less is known about changes in medial entorhinal cortex (MEC), which is the primary spatial input to the hippocampus and an early site of AD pathology. Here, we measured neuronal intrinsic excitability and synaptic activity in MEC layer II (MECII) stellate cells, MECII pyramidal cells, and MEC layer III (MECIII) excitatory neurons at 3 and 10 months of age in the 3xTg mouse model of AD pathology, using male and female mice. At 3 months of age, before the onset of memory impairments, we found early hyperexcitability in intrinsic properties of MECII stellate and pyramidal cells, but this was balanced by a relative reduction in synaptic excitation (E) compared with inhibition (I; E/I ratio), suggesting intact homeostatic mechanisms regulating MECII activity. Conversely, MECIII neurons had reduced intrinsic excitability at this early time point with no change in synaptic E/I ratio. By 10 months of age, after the onset of memory deficits, neuronal excitability of MECII pyramidal cells and MECIII excitatory neurons was largely normalized in 3xTg mice. However, MECII stellate cells remained hyperexcitable, and this was further exacerbated by an increased synaptic E/I ratio. This observed combination of increased intrinsic and synaptic hyperexcitability suggests a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms specifically in MECII stellate cells at this postsymptomatic time point, which may contribute to the emergence of memory deficits in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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22. The flax in the "Flora's image" in the Ariadne House (Pompeian area, Italy) as a symbol of feminine in a wedding sacred to the afterlife.
- Author
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Caneva, G., Bourmaud, A., Bellini, A., and Melelli, A.
- Abstract
In ancient time, life elements, like plants and animals, and unanimated forces of nature were usually associated with specific meanings related to deities and sacred rituals. In Roman archeology, the strong symbolic value of plants represented in wall paintings and artifacts was proved by several contributions, but this topic is often neglected. In this paper, for the first time, an interpretation is proposed for the plant represented in one of the most iconic paintings in Pompeii, the so-called "Flora" in Ariadne's house. Here, the analyzed plant is picked by a girl turned away and holding a floral cornucopia, and it plays a relevant role in the scene. Through the analysis of its morphological elements, and comparing them with other ancient representations, we suggest its identification as flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). Flax was an economically and culturally very important plant, widely represented in objects and paintings in the Mesopotamian and Egyptian area. We also suggest that the meaning behind the choice of depict flax was also related to its classical attribution as a symbol of fertility and afterlife as well as linked to the "feminine" sphere. This interpretation, together with other elements of the images, strengthens the already proposed interpretation of the yellow-dressed girl a wife, which is let to go this life for an afterlife, in the figure of Persephone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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23. Pharmapolitics and the Early Roman Expansion: Gender, Slavery, and Ecology in 331 BCE.
- Author
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PERALTA, DAN-EL PADILLA
- Abstract
This article reinterprets an incident that Livy (8.18.4-11) and derivative later sources place in the year 331 BCE: a wave of poisonings whose perpetrators are brought to light after an enslaved woman contacts a Roman magistrate. Its main objectives are to show that the incident is best understood in connection with the transmission of novel--or perceived as novel--pharmacological knowledge, and in conjunction with shifts in the institution of slavery at Rome that were set in motion by the Republic's expansion; that a key figure in the mythological encoding of this transmission was the legendary Circe; and that moving away from previous scholarship's concern with the matronae alleged to have carried out the poisonings and focusing instead on "la servant délatrice" (Jean-Marie Pailler) opens up new corridors into the cultural history of this period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
24. Relationship Between the CYP21 Marker and some Productive and Physiological Traits of Holstein-Friesian Cows.
- Author
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Hassooni, Hadi Awad and Shadood, Shahlaa Nassar
- Published
- 2023
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25. Alzheimer's disease as a synaptopathy: Evidence for dysfunction of synapses during disease progression.
- Author
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Meftah, Soraya and Jian Gan
- Published
- 2023
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26. How our understanding of memory replay evolves.
- Author
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Zhe Sage Chen and Wilson, Matthew A.
- Subjects
MEMORY ,COGNITIVE ability - Abstract
Memory reactivations and replay, widely reported in the hippocampus and cortex across species, have been implicated in memory consolidation, planning, and spatial and skill learning. Technological advances in electrophysiology, calcium imaging, and human neuroimaging techniques have enabled neuroscientists to measure large-scale neural activity with increasing spa-tiotemporal resolution and have provided opportunities for developing robust analytic methods to identify memory replay. In this article, we first review a large body of historically important and representative memory replay studies from the animal and human literature. We then discuss our current understanding of memory replay functions in learning, planning, and memory consolidation and further discuss the progress in computational modeling that has contributed to these improvements. Next, we review past and present analytic methods for replay analyses and discuss their limitations and challenges. Finally, looking ahead, we discuss some promising analytic methods for detecting nonstereotypical, behaviorally nondecodable structures from large-scale neural recordings. We argue that seamless integration of multisite recordings, real-time replay decoding, and closed-loop manipulation experiments will be essential for delineating the role of memory replay in a wide range of cognitive and motor functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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27. Plants and Vegetal Respiration in Early Greek Philosophy.
- Author
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Zatta, Claudia
- Subjects
RESPIRATION in plants ,ANCIENT philosophy ,PLANT physiology ,SOUL ,BLOOD circulation ,ATMOSPHERIC pressure ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of cold temperatures ,ANIMAL migration - Published
- 2023
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28. TEER and Ion Selective Transwell-Integrated Sensors System for Caco-2 Cell Model.
- Author
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Sciurti, Elisa, Blasi, Laura, Prontera, Carmela Tania, Barca, Amilcare, Giampetruzzi, Lucia, Verri, Tiziano, Siciliano, Pietro Aleardo, and Francioso, Luca
- Subjects
ELECTROCHEMICAL sensors ,ELECTROCHEMICAL analysis ,IONS ,COPPER ions ,IMPEDANCE spectroscopy ,SQUARE waves ,ETHYLENE glycol - Abstract
Monitoring of ions in real-time directly in cell culture systems and in organ-on-a-chip platforms represents a significant investigation tool to understand ion regulation and distribution in the body and ions' involvement in biological mechanisms and specific pathologies. Innovative flexible sensors coupling electrochemical stripping analysis (square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, SWASV) with an ion selective membrane (ISM) were developed and integrated in Transwell™ cell culture systems to investigate the transport of zinc and copper ions across a human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer. The fabricated ion-selective sensors demonstrated good sensitivity (1 × 10
−11 M ion concentration) and low detection limits, consistent with pathophysiological cellular concentration ranges. A non-invasive electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, in situ, across a selected spectrum of frequencies (10–105 Hz), and an equivalent circuit fitting were employed to obtain useful electrical parameters for cellular barrier integrity monitoring. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) data and immunofluorescent images were used to validate the intestinal epithelial integrity and the permeability enhancer effect of ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) treatment. The proposed devices represent a real prospective tool for monitoring cellular and molecular events and for studies on gut metabolism/permeability. They will enable a rapid integration of these sensors into gut-on-chip systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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29. Szczwół plamisty (Conium maculatum L.) w antycznej medycynie i prawie rzymskim.
- Author
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Skrzywanek-Jaworska, Dagmara and Tadajczyk, Konrad
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Investigation of GOx Stability in a Chitosan Matrix: Applications for Enzymatic Electrodes.
- Author
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Chmayssem, Ayman, Shalayel, Ibrahim, Marinesco, Stéphane, and Zebda, Abdelkader
- Subjects
GLUTARALDEHYDE ,GLUCOSE oxidase ,CHITOSAN ,HYDROGEN peroxide ,ELECTRODES ,CATALASE ,BIOSENSORS - Abstract
In this study, we designed a new biosensing membrane for the development of an electrochemical glucose biosensor. To proceed, we used a chitosan-based hydrogel that entraps glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx), and we crosslinked the whole matrix using glutaraldehyde, which is known for its quick and reactive crosslinking behavior. Then, the stability of the designed biosensors was investigated over time, according to different storage conditions (in PBS solution at temperatures of 4 °C and 37 °C and in the presence or absence of glucose). In some specific conditions, we found that our biosensor is capable of maintaining its stability for more than six months of storage. We also included catalase to protect the biosensing membranes from the enzymatic reaction by-products (e.g., hydrogen peroxide). This design protects the biocatalytic activity of GOx and enhances the lifetime of the biosensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. From synapses to circuits and back: Bridging levels of understanding in animal models of Alzheimer's disease.
- Author
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Chockanathan, Udaysankar and Padmanabhan, Krishnan
- Subjects
ALZHEIMER'S disease ,BRIDGE circuits ,AMYLOID plaque ,SYNAPSES ,NEURAL circuitry ,NEUROFIBRILLARY tangles - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by behavioural changes that include memory loss and cognitive decline and is associated with the appearance of amyloid‐β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles throughout the brain. Although aspects of the disease percolate across multiple levels of neuronal organization, from the cellular to the behavioural, it is increasingly clear that circuits are a critical junction between the cellular pathology and the behavioural phenotypes that bookend these levels of analyses. In this review, we discuss critical aspects of neural circuit research, beginning with synapses and progressing to network activity and how they influence our understanding of disease processed in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Electrochemical Biosensing of Glucose Based on the Enzymatic Reduction of Glucose.
- Author
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Soranzo, Thomas, Ben Tahar, Awatef, Chmayssem, Ayman, Zelsmann, Marc, Vadgama, Pankaj, Lenormand, Jean-Luc, Cinquin, Phillipe, K. Martin, Donald, and Zebda, Abdelkader
- Subjects
ALCOHOL dehydrogenase ,NICOTINAMIDE adenine dinucleotide phosphate ,GLUCOSE oxidase ,SORBITOL ,ALDOSE reductase ,GLUCOSE ,GOLD electrodes - Abstract
In this work, the enzyme aldehyde reductase, also known as aldose reductase, was synthesized and cloned from a human gene. Spectrophotometric measurements show that in presence of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate cofactor (NADPH), the aldehyde reductase catalyzed the reduction of glucose to sorbitol. Electrochemical measurements performed on an electrodeposited poly(methylene green)-modified gold electrode showed that in the presence of the enzyme aldehyde reductase, the electrocatalytic oxidation current of NADPH decreased drastically after the addition of glucose. These results demonstrate that aldehyde reductase is an enzyme that allows the construction of an efficient electrochemical glucose biosensor based on glucose reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Impaired sharp-wave ripple coordination between the medial entorhinal cortex and hippocampal CA1 of knock-in model of Alzheimer’s disease.
- Author
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Tsukasa Funane, Heechul Jun, Stephanie Sutoko, Saido, Takaomi C., Akihiko Kandori, and Igarashi, Kei M.
- Subjects
ENTORHINAL cortex ,ALZHEIMER'S disease ,AMYLOID beta-protein precursor ,HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain) ,MEMORY disorders - Abstract
Clinical evidence suggests that the entorhinal cortex is a primary brain area triggering memory impairments in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the underlying brain circuit mechanisms remain largely unclear. In healthy brains, sharp-wave ripples (SWRs) in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex play a critical role in memory consolidation. We tested SWRs in the MEC layers 2/3 of awake amyloid precursor protein knock-in (APP-KI) mice, recorded simultaneously with SWRs in the hippocampal CA1. We found that MEC!CA1 coordination of SWRs, found previously in healthy brains, was disrupted in APP-KI mice even at a young age before the emergence of spatial memory impairments. Intriguingly, long-duration SWRs critical for memory consolidation were mildly diminished in CA1, although SWR density and amplitude remained intact. Our results point to SWR incoordination in the entorhinal-hippocampal circuit as an early network symptom that precedes memory impairment in AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Versatile and Low-Cost Fabrication of Modular Lock-and-Key Microfluidics for Integrated Connector Mixer Using a Stereolithography 3D Printing.
- Author
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Anshori, Isa, Lukito, Vincent, Adhawiyah, Rafita, Putri, Delpita, Harimurti, Suksmandhira, Rajab, Tati Latifah Erawati, Pradana, Arfat, Akbar, Mohammad, Syamsunarno, Mas Rizky Anggun Adipurna, Handayani, Murni, Purwidyantri, Agnes, and Prabowo, Briliant Adhi
- Subjects
STEREOLITHOGRAPHY ,THREE-dimensional printing ,MICROFLUIDICS ,3-D printers ,BLOOD plasma ,PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY - Abstract
We present a low-cost and simple method to fabricate a novel lock-and-key mixer microfluidics using an economic stereolithography (SLA) three-dimensional (3D) printer, which costs less than USD 400 for the investment. The proposed study is promising for a high throughput fabrication module, typically limited by conventional microfluidics fabrications, such as photolithography and polymer-casting methods. We demonstrate the novel modular lock-and-key mixer for the connector and its chamber modules with optimized parameters, such as exposure condition and printing orientation. In addition, the optimization of post-processing was performed to investigate the reliability of the fabricated hollow structures, which are fundamental to creating a fluidic channel or chamber. We found out that by using an inexpensive 3D printer, the fabricated resolution can be pushed down to 850 µm and 550 µm size for squared- and circled-shapes, respectively, by the gradual hollow structure, applying vertical printing orientation. These strategies opened up the possibility of developing straightforward microfluidics platforms that could replace conventional microfluidics mold fabrication methods, such as photolithography and milling, which are costly and time consuming. Considerably cheap commercial resin and its tiny volume employed for a single printing procedure significantly cut down the estimated fabrication cost to less than 50 cents USD/module. The simulation study unravels the prominent properties of the fabricated devices for biological fluid mixers, such as PBS, urine and plasma blood. This study is eminently prospective toward microfluidics application in clinical biosensing, where disposable, low-cost, high-throughput, and reproducible chips are highly required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. A scoping review of the relationship between alcohol, memory consolidation and ripple activity: An overview of common methodologies to analyse ripples.
- Author
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Ruelas M, Medina-Ceja L, and Fuentes-Aguilar RQ
- Subjects
- Hippocampus physiology, Ethanol pharmacology, Biomarkers, Memory Consolidation
- Abstract
Alcohol abuse is not only responsible for 5.3% of the total deaths in the world but also has a substantial impact on neurological and memory disabilities throughout the population. One extensively studied brain area involved in cognitive functions is the hippocampus. Evidence in several rodent models has shown that ethanol produces cognitive impairment in hippocampal-dependent tasks and that the damage is varied according to the stage of development at which the rodent was exposed to ethanol and the dose. To the authors' knowledge, there is a biomarker for cognitive processes in the hippocampus that remains relatively understudied in association with memory impairment by alcohol administration. This biomarker is called sharp wave-ripples (SWRs) which are synchronous neuronal population events that are well known to be involved in memory consolidation. Methodologies for facilitated or automatic identification of ripples and their analysis have been reported for a wider bandwidth than SWRs. This review is focused on communicating the state of the art about the relationship between alcohol, memory consolidation and ripple activity, as well as the use of the common methodologies to identify SWRs automatically., (© 2023 Federation of European Neuroscience Societies and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. New Microfluidic System for Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Assessment of Cell Culture Performance: Design and Development of New Electrode Material.
- Author
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Chmayssem, Ayman, Tanase, Constantin Edi, Verplanck, Nicolas, Gougis, Maxime, Mourier, Véronique, Zebda, Abdelkader, Ghaemmaghami, Amir M., and Mailley, Pascal
- Subjects
CELL culture ,IMPEDANCE spectroscopy ,EPITHELIAL cell culture ,ELECTRODE performance ,ELECTRODES ,MICROFLUIDIC devices - Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is widely accepted as an effective and non-destructive method to assess cell health during cell-culture. However, there is a lack of compact devices compatible with microfluidic integration and microscopy that could provide the real-time and non-invasive monitoring of cell-cultures using EIS. In this paper, we reported the design and characterization of a modular EIS testing system based on a patented technology. This device was fabricated using easily processable methodologies including screen-printing of the impedance electrodes and molding or micromachining of the cell culture chamber with an easy assembly procedure. Accordingly, to obtain processable, biocompatible and sterilizable electrode materials that lower the impact of interfacial impedance on TEER (Transepithelial electrical resistance) measurements, and to enable concomitant microscopy observations, we optimized the formulation of the electrode inks and the design of the EIS electrodes, respectively. First, electrode materials were based on carbon biocompatible inks enriched with IrOx particles to obtain low interfacial impedance electrodes approaching the performances of classical non-biocompatible Ag/AgCl second-species electrodes. Secondly, we proposed three original electrode designs, which were compared to classical disk electrodes that were optically compatible with microscopy. We assessed the impact of the electrode design on the response of the impedance sensor using COMSOL Multiphysics. Finally, the performance of the impedance spectroscopy devices was assessed in vitro using human airway epithelial cell cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Resilient Hippocampal Gamma Rhythmogenesis and Parvalbumin-Expressing Interneuron Function Before and After Plaque Burden in 5xFAD Alzheimer's Disease Model.
- Author
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Mackenzie-Gray Scott, Connie A., Pelkey, Kenneth A., Caccavano, Adam P., Abebe, Daniel, Lai, Mandy, Black, Khayla N., Brown, Nicolette D., Trevelyan, Andrew J., and McBain, Chris J.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Ricordare per prevedere, classificare per ricordare: due aspetti dell'uso della memoria nella medicina antica From Aristotle's Silent Speech to Euripides' Tragic Utterances.
- Author
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Fausti, Daniela
- Subjects
MEMORY ,ANCIENT medicine ,PHARMACOLOGY ,MNEMONICS ,MENTAL discipline - Abstract
The aim of the research is to examine two aspects of the use of memory in ancient medicine: a theoretical-methodological one (in Hippocratic texts) and a more technical one in the pharmacology of the imperial age. In the first case memory is the basis for recording symptoms, which must be collected and examined by the (theoretical reasoning) in order to formulate the prognosis; the is defined as a kind of memory that collects data grasped with perception and stores them up in itself and remembers (Precepts chap. 1). Pharmacology to facilitate mnemonic learning and the consultation of texts can follow various systems: the classification of faa according to the properties, supported by Dioscorides or the classification according to the alphabetical order approved by Galen or finally can use verses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Il ne faut pas mettre toutes les eulogies dans le même panier ! Eulogies de saint Mênas et céramiques découvertes à Taposiris Magna (Égypte).
- Author
-
Marchand, Julie
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. ACONITE - A POISON, OR A MEDICINE? ANCIENT AND EARLY BYZANTINE TESTIMONIES.
- Author
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JAGUSIAK, KRZYSZTOF and Tadajczyk, Konrad Tomasz
- Subjects
POISONS ,POISONOUS plants ,POISONING ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL finds ,HUMAN body - Abstract
Aconite (Aconitum napellus) was one of the most notorious, poisonous plants in the ancient world. Its dangerous, lethal power - present in leaves, roots, stem, and tuber - was well known to the Greeks and the Romans from the earliest times. Evidence of this phenomenon is not only present in archaeological findings, but also in many writings - biographies, poems, legal codes, etc. However, the most precise and detailed accounts come from treatises written by botanists, physicians and encyclopaedists, like Theophrastus, Nicander, Pliny the Elder, Dioscorides, or Galen, and by early Byzantine authors, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, and Paul of Aegina. In their testimonies, one can find descriptions of aconite, its influence on the human body (and animals), and remedies for affected people. In contrast, there are few passages from these sources that inform the readers about the healing properties of aconite. According to these fragments, carefully administered, aconite could be helpful in some therapies, but its use was extremely hazardous, as even a small part of the plant could kill a man. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. The Story of Storax in the Byzantine World: A Fragrant Resin of International Fame from Southern Anatolia.
- Author
-
DURAK, KORAY
- Subjects
HISTORICAL source material ,MEDICAL writing ,FAME ,MAGIC - Abstract
Copyright of Adalya is the property of Koc University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Should Bromus secalinus (rye brome) be considered a crop?: Analysis of Bromus rich assemblages from protohistoric and historic sites in northern France and textual references.
- Author
-
Zech-Matterne, Véronique, Derreumaux, Marie, Pradat, Bénédicte, Luccioni, Pascal, Ruas, Marie-Pierre, and Toulemonde, Françoise
- Subjects
HISTORIC sites ,BROMEGRASSES ,CULTIVATED plants ,RYE ,CROPS - Abstract
Several hundred archaeobotanical studies now provide a broad overview of plant husbandry practices in northern France from the Bronze Age to the medieval period. Some unknowns nevertheless remain concerning the species considered as possible minor crops. They often have an ambiguous status, which deserves a closer examination in order to specify their possible cultivation and uses. This is the case of Bromus secalinus (rye brome), a wild member of the Poaceae, which was potentially used as food and fodder, and whose consumption has been suggested by several authors based on the regular discovery of mass finds of its seeds in domestic contexts and assemblages including cultivated plants. Rye brome has then been considered as a "near-crop". Could the re-examination of brome grass rich assemblages and processed crops of cereal grains help us to clarify the status of the plant? On the basis of the macrofossil results from 338 occupations in northern France dated from 1325 bc to ad 1500 and the comparison of archaeological finds with ancient texts, we try to discover what the uses of this plant may have been and how its perception may have evolved over time. The discovery of possible seed cake fragments made of brome grass in two rural settlements represents a hint for its potential consumption during the Iron Age. However a careful examination of the frequencies of rye brome over the time span shows that abundant finds are ultimately rather few and mainly clustered before the 2nd century bc, when a major change in crop choices happened. This led to a change in the processing of cereals and the form in which they were brought back to the sites. Abundant rye brome finds appear to be linked to the persistence of hulled cereals and the processing techniques that were specifically applied to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Spicing Wine at the Symposion: Fact or Fiction? Some Critical Thoughts on Material Aspects of Commensality in the Early Iron Age and Archaic Mediterranean World.
- Author
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Villing, Alexandra
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Engram's Dark Horse: How Interneurons Regulate State-Dependent Memory Processing and Plasticity.
- Author
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Raven, Frank and Aton, Sara J.
- Subjects
INTERNEURONS ,GRANULE cells ,PYRAMIDAL neurons ,OREXINS ,CELL populations ,ACTION potentials ,MEMORY - Abstract
Brain states such as arousal and sleep play critical roles in memory encoding, storage, and recall. Recent studies have highlighted the role of engram neurons–populations of neurons activated during learning–in subsequent memory consolidation and recall. These engram populations are generally assumed to be glutamatergic, and the vast majority of data regarding the function of engram neurons have focused on glutamatergic pyramidal or granule cell populations in either the hippocampus, amygdala, or neocortex. Recent data suggest that sleep and wake states differentially regulate the activity and temporal dynamics of engram neurons. Two potential mechanisms for this regulation are either via direct regulation of glutamatergic engram neuron excitability and firing, or via state-dependent effects on interneuron populations–which in turn modulate the activity of glutamatergic engram neurons. Here, we will discuss recent findings related to the roles of interneurons in state-regulated memory processes and synaptic plasticity, and the potential therapeutic implications of understanding these mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. (Sub)urban gardens from Provence (Southern France, 14th–17th century) and the presence of Ricinus communis.
- Author
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Figueiral, Isabel, Chevillot, Pascale, Martin, Sophie, Ivorra, Sarah, Paone, Françoise, Sagetat-Basseuil, Elsa, de-Luca, Brigitte, and Cuzon, Josiane
- Subjects
CASTOR oil plant ,URBAN gardens ,URBAN gardening ,HERBACEOUS plants ,POISONOUS plants ,LEGUMES ,CONDIMENTS ,EXCAVATION - Abstract
Excavation work carried out at Istres and Saint-Rémy-de-Provence (Provence, Southern France), in the framework of preventive archaeology, uncovered evidence of ancient gardens (13/14th–17th centuries), equipped with lined wells. Significant numbers of waterlogged remains of fruit species as well as legumes and condiments provided information on the availability of "healthy" foods to complement and diversify the daily diet of urban dwellers, largely dependent on bread. Other herbaceous plants reflecting the background environment of this agriculture-arboriculture production are also identified (weeds, ruderals, plants from meadows and other humid habitats etc.). The archaeobotanical assemblage identified in both sites also includes Ricinus communis, a highly toxic plant. As far as we know this is the first time Ricinus seeds are recorded by archaeobotany in Europe. The likely significance of this discovery is discussed taking into account the archaeological and palaeoenvironmental contexts of the findings and the known history of this plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. History and epistemology of plant behaviour: a pluralistic view?
- Author
-
Hiernaux, Quentin
- Subjects
HISTORY of science ,BOTANY ,THEORY of knowledge ,HISTORY of biology ,BIOLOGISTS ,PLANT capacity ,CHEMICAL plants - Abstract
Some biologists now argue in favour of a pluralistic approach to plant activities, understandable both from the classical perspective of physiological mechanisms and that of the biology of behaviour involving choices and decisions in relation to the environment. However, some do not hesitate to go further, such as plant "neurobiologists" or philosophers who today defend an intelligence, a mind or even a plant consciousness in a renewed perspective of these terms. To what extent can we then adhere to pluralism in the study of plant behaviour? How does this pluralism in the study and explanation of plant behaviour fit into, or even build itself up, in a broader history of science? Is it a revolutionary way of rethinking plant behaviour in the twenty-first century or is it an epistemological extension of an older attitude? By proposing a synthesis of the question of plant behaviour by selected elements of the history of botany, the objective is to show that the current plant biology is not unified on the question of behaviour, but that its different tendencies are in fact part of a long botanical tradition with contrasting postures. Two axes that are in fact historically linked will serve as a common thread. 1. Are there several ways of understanding or conceiving plant behaviour within plant sciences and their epistemology? 2. Can the behaviour of a plant be considered in the same way as that of an animal? The working hypothesis defended in this article consists in showing that the current opposition between growth, development and reductionist physiology on the one hand and the biology of behaviour involving sensitivity and choices in plant activity (i.e. agency) on the other hand has been built up through the history of botany. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Crop processing, consumption and trade of Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the Arabian Peninsula during Antiquity: earliest evidence from Mleiha (third c. AD), United Arab Emirates.
- Author
-
Dabrowski, Vladimir, Bouchaud, Charlène, Tengberg, Margareta, and Mouton, Michel
- Abstract
Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.) was identified, among other plant remains, from several contexts in a fortified elite residence at the site of Mleiha (United Arab Emirates) that was partially destroyed by fire in the third century AD. These remains, present both as isolated grains and as clusters of rice, constitute the earliest example of the species in the Arabian Peninsula and raise numerous questions on the role of rice in local economies during the Late Pre-Islamic period. The discussion focuses on two aspects of the finds. On the one hand, the state of preservation and the archaeological contexts of the rice remains are investigated in detail in order to reconstruct crop processing activities that might have taken place within the building as well as different aspects of the preparation and consumption of what seems to have been a rare crop. On the other hand, we discuss the origin of the Mleiha rice weighing the possible cultivation in local irrigated date palm gardens against its importation through the long-distance trade networks across the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean that are well attested by archaeological and textual sources for the period of concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Le père de la botanique.
- Author
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CUERRIER, ALAIN
- Published
- 2021
49. Il ne faut pas mettre toutes les eulogies dans le même panier ! Eulogies de saint Mênas et céramiques découvertes à Taposiris Magna (Égypte).
- Author
-
Marchand, Julie
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. New insights into agriculture in northwestern France from the Bronze Age to the Late Iron Age: a weed ecological approach.
- Author
-
Neveu, Elsa, Zech-Matterne, Véronique, Brun, Cécile, Dietsch-Sellami, Marie-France, Durand, Frédérique, and Toulemonde, Françoise
- Subjects
IRON Age ,BRONZE Age ,BOTANY ,WEEDS ,SOIL fertility - Abstract
New plant macrofossil studies in northwestern France enable a better insight into agriculture through the Bronze and Iron Age. Most of the previous analyses, carried out in Calvados (Normandy) on Late Iron Age dwellings, suggested distinctive characteristics such as the increase of Avena (oat) and the abundance of pulses in storage pits. The collection of a new database with 25 sites was done in response to the previous lack of studies, which became an issue in Brittany, Normandy and the Loire region, which are known for their western location and trade links throughout Europe. This paper deals with farming practices and their changes during the Bronze and Iron Ages. The aim was to gather new evidence related to sowing times, tilling of fields and fertility management of soils in order to discuss extensive or intensive cultivation in northwestern France. The crop cultivation techniques were investigated by studying the weed flora composition according to the FIBS approach (Functional interpretation of botanical survey). The results reveal combinations of evidence and a pattern of intra-regional diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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