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The goal of this paper is to explore the issue of promoting unhealthy food and its potential impact on antisocial behavior in contemporary society using methods of structural and functional analysis, quantitative and qualitative analysis, comparative analysis, descriptive methods, and survey methods. Unhealthy food with high-calorie, harmful nutritional ingredients, can cause a myriad of health issues, such as obesity, cardiovascular conditions, and diabetes, but in some instances, it can affect the behavior of individuals. The paper investigates how such promotion can affect individuals’ eating patterns and health, with a particular focus on the development of antisocial behaviors. It also considers risk factors, including socioeconomic aspects and the influence of the media, that support the promotion of unhealthy food. This paper also discusses potential strategies to reduce the promotion of unhealthy food and promote healthier choices to mitigate the negative effects on antisocial behavior and enhance societal well-being.

This paper examines the interplay between media and criminal activities, highlighting the numerous stereotypes and misconceptions about criminality that often originate from the media’s construction of reality, driven by sensationalism and profit-seeking. In scrutinizing the media’s engagement with criminal matters, the paper comprehensively analyzes the intricate dynamic between providing informative content and the allure of sensationalism. The paper accentuates the pivotal role of the media in disseminating information to the public, promoting justice, and stimulating discourse on the causal factors and repercussions of criminal behavior. The paper underscores the adverse societal impacts of the media, including the propagation of disinformation, the endorsement of violence and aggression, the cultivation of media dependency, and the ramifications for mental health. It meticulously explores the dissemination of false news, identifies sources of disinformation, and formulates strategies to mitigate this predicament. The nexus between the media’s portrayal of violence and tangible instances of aggressive conduct is scrutinized, delving into industry self-regulation and the roles played by family, education, and society in addressing this issue. Furthermore, the paper conducts an in-depth analysis of how the media portrays criminal activities, with a particular emphasis on popular television genres centered on criminal themes. It elucidates the psychological dimension of the appeal of such narratives, offering insights into diverse motivators prompting viewers to identify with criminal acts. In conclusion, the paper presents an empirical research into the perceptions of citizens in Serbia concerning the influence exerted by both legacy and new media.

Emphysematous pancreatitis represents the presence of gas within or around the pancreas on the ground of necrotizing pancreatitis due to superinfection with gas-forming bacteria. This entity is diagnosed on clinical grounds and on the basis of radiologic findings. Computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality used to detect this life-threating condition. The management of emphysematous pancreatitis consists of conservative measures, image-guided percutaneous catheter drainage or endoscopic therapy, and surgical intervention, which is delayed as long as possible and undertaken only in patients who continue to deteriorate despite conservative management. Due to its high mortality rate, early and prompt recognition and treatment of emphysematous pancreatitis are crucial and require individualized treatment with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Here, we present a case of emphysematous pancreatitis as an unusual occurrence and discuss disease features and treatment options in order to facilitate diagnostics and therapy.

For a long time, people have demonstrated a natural tendency to analyze and assess fellow humans as well as animals, objects, and similar entities, even in everyday scenarios. However, it is a little bit strange that criminal profiling became integrated into standard investigative practices within law enforcement not before the 1980s. Criminal profilers primarily fulfill their role by working on the resolution of intricate crimes where the identity of the perpetrator is unknown. On the other hand, they also have a suppressive impact, and to a lesser degree, a preventive influence, which is enhanced by considering the risk factors associated with the emergence of criminal behavior, as well as the study of criminal phenomenology. The techniques employed in criminal profiling aid in the timely identification of symptoms that indicate a combination of biological, social, and environmental factors, including learning and situational elements. As we navigate through the factors contributing to the development of criminal behavior, as well as the suppression and prevention of crime through the efforts of criminal profilers, we reach the significance of their role in detecting deception and the essentiality of human presence and intervention in diverse formal conversations, encompassing law enforcement, social work, and education. The aim of this paper is to systematically shed light on the factors contributing to the development of criminal behavior, to investigate the phenomenology of crime and to highlight the role of criminal profilers in the prevention and suppression of crime, as well as to analyze their role in the process of lie detection, while giving recommendations for the incorporation of profiling techniques into the body of knowledge and skills of teachers, pedagogues, psychologists, social workers, and others. The methods used in this study include a quantitative and qualitative analysis, using primary and secondary sources, as well as a comparative analysis.

Background and Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most frequently metastasizes in the lungs, abdominal lymph nodes and adrenal glands. Metastatic spread to the head and neck area is extremely rare. In the presented case, an uncommon site of solitary metastatic spread of HCC to the mandible confirmed after the core biopsy of the lesion is reported. There have been only about 80 cases of mandibular HCC metastases described in the literature to date. We contribute our experience to the pool of data. Case presentation: A 65-year-old female with HCV-related liver cirrhosis was diagnosed with an HCC that was successfully treated with liver resection. Subsequently, the patient had developed COVID-19 disease, which was associated with a painless swelling in the left jaw. A neck MDCT scan demonstrated an osteolytic soft-tissue mass in the left mandible, with the characteristics consistent for the metastasis of HCC. In order to confirm the diagnosis, a core biopsy of the mandibular mass was performed. The pathohistological evaluation confirmed the presence of a metastatic HCC in the mandible. No other sites of disease dissemination were identified in extensive MDCT scans. Despite considering various treatments, including symptomatic and palliative, the patient’s overall prognosis remained poor. Conclusions: Isolated metastases of HCC to the orofacial region are extremely rare; however, it should be considered in patients with known risk factors for HCC development. Early diagnosis is critical, and clinicians should consider this possibility of HCC spread when assessing patients with orofacial swelling, among those patients with risk factors for HCC. The overall prognosis for such patients remains poor, emphasizing the challenges in managing these cases.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is frequently used as the first-line treatment of large and complex stones. The key point for successful complex stone removal with minimal risk of complications is to establish the most appropriate access route. Understanding the three-dimensional (3D) relationship of kidney stones and renal collecting systems is crucial for planning and creating an optimal access route. By using a 3D volume segmentation tool a more accurate approach to the renal collecting system and stone treatment could be planned. The objective of this study was assessing the impact of 3D software in getting the desired access.

Criminal investigators, scientists, mental health experts, and the media have always studied serial killings. Since Jack the Ripper in the late 1800s, and even today, attempts have been made to understand the complex issues surrounding the investigation of serial murders and the motives for these horrific acts. The topics of serial killings are attracting too much attention from the media, academia, and the general public. Nordic crime series make a special contribution to identifying and analyzing many issues related to serial killings including common myths, definitions, typologies, pathology and causality, media role, prosecution issues, organization of investigations, and especially through the affirmation of forensic psychology and criminal profiling. We believe that scientific papers dealing with this topic can be useful in generating an effective response in identifying, investigating, and reaching verdicts, and strengthening the collective ability to understand, respond and act preventively to prevent these violent and serious crimes.

Background and Objectives. Cholestasis activates complex mechanisms of liver injury and as a result has an increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Depending on the stage of liver disease, different matrix metalloproteinases expressions have been detected and could serve as indirect biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. MMP-9 proteolytic activity has a proven role in both liver regeneration and neoplastic cell invasion in various malignancies. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of external biliary drainage on enzyme activity of MMP-9 in the serum of patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Materials and Methods. Between November 2020 and April 2021, 45 patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction underwent percutaneous biliary drainage following determination of serum MMP-9 enzyme activity (before treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment) by gelatin zymography. Results. MMP-9 values decreased statistically significantly 4 weeks after percutaneous biliary drainage (p = 0.028) as well as the value of total bilirubin (p < 0.001), values of direct bilirubin (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction treated by external percutaneous biliary drainage for cholestasis resolution, a significant reduction in MMP-9 serum values was noted 4 weeks after the treatment.

Migration of many aspects of human life and work into the online sphere has become an integral part of everyday life and it is difficult to imagine the functioning of any aspect of life without the Internet and the space in which most human interactions take place. One such large and significant new form has created a large number of smaller ones, and conditioned the transformation of things and phenomena from the physical world into completely new digital forms. The same happened with violence, as a phenomenon, a pattern of behavior and a part of human nature from the very beginnings of civilization, which took its new form being called a digital violence. It does not necessarily have to be online, but it is necessarily related to digital devices. To the problem of digital crime there should be added a digital violence as a contemporary problem, especially when we talk about legal regulatory mechanisms, although these two phenomena, with frequent overlaps, do not necessarily have to be contained in each other, but they are equally important. Online and offline digital spaces represent just a new field in which violence and crimes are committed, but the virtual characteristic of these spaces is only an additional specific feature, because their consequences are felt in the physical, real world, and in that sense, the border between virtual and real is invisible. This paper aims to explore the ontological determinants of violence and digital violence, to identify specific forms of digital violence and digital crime, as well as to analyze existing regulations aimed at combating digital violence and digital crime.

Background and Objectives: Treatment of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge worldwide. In accordance with the current recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management during the COVID-19 pandemic, loco-regional therapy such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was proposed with the purpose of achieving local tumor control and improving overall survival. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the outcomes of TACE treatment in patients with HCC during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with the outcomes of patients treated in the pre-pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Between September 2018 and December 2021, 154 patients were managed by serial TACE procedures for different liver tumors. Ninety-seven patients met the study criteria and were divided into two groups: the study group n = 49 (patients treated from May 2020 to December 2021); the control group n = 48 (patients treated from September 2018 to May 2020). Results: The mean waiting time for TACE was significantly longer in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference in survival between the groups is noted (log-rank test p = 0.823). In multivariate analysis, the MELD score (HR 1.329, 95% CI 1.140–1.548, p < 0.001) remained a significant predictor of mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the final outcome of TACE treatment.

Propaganda and its elements are an inseparable part of everyday life. In a digital age, when, in every second, a vast amount of information is exchanged, the possibilities and variations of propaganda techniques application are proportionally high. The majority of these propaganda messages that can be seen every time we turn on a device, or just go outside and look around are the messages of economic propaganda. Every time we hear a speech of a corporate or government official, we hear a carefully created and delivered message put together by public relations experts, which as well, by its genesis, belongs to propaganda. Still, the subject of this paper is propaganda, which is much more malicious in its origins and manifestations, and that is propaganda for ultranationalist purposes. In this paper, the authors first consider the etiological and historical aspects of propaganda focusing on those forms that had the most devastating effects. Propaganda predates mass media, but it is their conjunction that helped propaganda to reach a maximum capacity of its impact. Therefore, the authors analyze the correlation between propagandists, propaganda, and mass media.

The work outlines the problems in relation to the application of the Article 178 of the Law of Contract. Nowadays, there are countless examples of traffic accidents caused by motor vehicles. Major damage is inflicted to both legal and physical persons in these traffic accidents. In practice, there are certain problems arose in relation to the application of the Article 178 of the Law of Contract. In view of the upcoming Civil Code of Republic of Serbia, we have presented these problems and suggested certain amendments. We believe that the proposed article 193 of the Draft Civil Code of Republic of Serbia has not removed all objections to the Article 178 of the Law of Contract.

Problems in the application of Articles 197 and 204 of the Law on of Contract are presented in the paper. Different attitudes in legal theory and case law are presented, as well as proposed solutions in the Preliminary Draft Civil Code of Republic of Serbia. We will put forward our position on the proposed solutions in the Pre-Civil Code of the Republic of Serbia. In the legal theory and jurisprudence, the question arises whether the solution is provided for in Articles 197 and 204 of the Law on Obligations. Problems have been raised regarding the determination of the amount of non-pecuniary damage, when part of the non-pecuniary damage is paid out-of-court procedure, and the injured person files a lawsuit to collect the difference of non-material damage to the court, the court proceedings take several years. How to determine the fair incidence of non-pecuniary damage at the time of passing a judgment?

An adequate approach to diagnosis and treatment of the dominant thyroid nodule is a matter of debate. The aim of the study is to determinate the most signifikant ultrasaund and scintigraphic parametars of malignancy in dominant thyroid nodules. The study involved 95 patients treated surgically for polynodous goiter with a dominant nodule for whom ultrasonographic and scintigraphic diagnosis was made prior to surgery. Echosonographic and scintigraphic findings were compared and analyzed against the operative and histopathologic findings of the dominant nodule. Our male examinees were 59.4 ± 11.66 years, and female examinees 53.02 ± 12.78 old on the average. Of the total number of examinees, there were 74 with benign and 21 with malignant changes. Considering the ultrasound and scintigraphy parameters of malignancies, the following could be singled out as statistically significant: non-sharply delineated nodule change (OR = 0.765; 95% CI = 0.555-0.985); hypoechogenicity (OR = 2.152; 95% CI = 1.111-2.456); avascular nodule (OR = 2.156; 95% CI = 1.111-4.589); and hypofunctional nodule (OR = 2.154; 95% CI = 1.111-3.589). The sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound in dominant nodule detection were 80% and 90%, respectively, while for scintigraphy the percentages were 55% and 60%. The most important diagnostic parameters of a malignancy of the dominant thyroid nodule are non-sharp delineation of the change, hypoechogenicity and nodule avascularization. Ultrasound has higher sensitivity and specificity than scintigraphy in the diagnosis of malignant dominant thyroid nodules.

In light of the fact that Far-eastern martial arts have to be viewed as an inseparable part of the cultural traditions of China and Japan, their aesthetic character is tied to traditional cultural concepts which dominate these cultures, such as the concept of the unity of opposites, better known as yin and yang; the concept of the Road (the Tao) as a symbol of continuing self-improvement; the concept of Chi or Qui energy which permeates the cosmos as well as individual beings, etc. These concepts owe their existence and development first and foremost to the religious and philosophical systems which shaped and influenced all segments of these two great cultures, and not just the martial tradition. On the other hand, performance arts weren’t spared this same influence. Performance arts and martial arts of the Far East had an intertwined history and strongly influenced each other. The aim of this paper will be to give an outline of the basic concepts connected to the aesthetics of the martial arts of China and Japan and point out the similar roots in other segments of cultural tradition.

In light of the fact that Far-eastern martial arts have to be viewed as an inseparable part of the cultural traditions of China and Japan, their aesthetic character is tied to traditional cultural concepts which dominate these cultures, such as the concept of the unity of opposites, better known as yin and yang; the concept of the Road (the Tao) as a symbol of continuing self-improvement; the concept of Chi or Qui energy which permeates the cosmos as well as individual beings, etc. These concepts owe their existence and development first and foremost to the religious and philosophical systems which shaped and influenced all segments of these two great cultures, and not just the martial tradition. On the other hand, performance arts weren’t spared this same influence. Performance arts and martial arts of the Far East had an intertwined history and strongly influenced each other. The aim of this paper will be to give an outline of the basic concepts connected to the aesthetics of the martial arts of China and Japan and point out the similar roots in other segments of cultural tradition.

Competition is one of the most useful phenomena in economic life. It is an economic phenomena, a subject of economic sciences, but given that the law defines the frame work in which the economic activity is carried out and in which the economic phenome non are being manifested, it is as well subject to the legal regulation. Given that the competition represents a general – social as set, it is safeguarded by the mandatory legal rules. Such rules make a special law branch, the competition law. The main components of the latter are cartel and antitrust law.

Emphysematous pancreatitis represents the presence of gas within or around the pancreas on the ground of necrotizing pancreatitis due to superinfection with gas-forming bacteria. This entity is diagnosed on clinical grounds and on the basis of radiologic findings. Computed tomography is the preferred imaging modality used to detect this life-threating condition. The management of emphysematous pancreatitis consists of conservative measures, image-guided percutaneous catheter drainage or endoscopic therapy, and surgical intervention, which is delayed as long as possible and undertaken only in patients who continue to deteriorate despite conservative management. Due to its high mortality rate, early and prompt recognition and treatment of emphysematous pancreatitis are crucial and require individualized treatment with the involvement of a multidisciplinary team. Here, we present a case of emphysematous pancreatitis as an unusual occurrence and discuss disease features and treatment options in order to facilitate diagnostics and therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) most frequently metastasizes in the lungs, abdominal lymph nodes and adrenal glands. Metastatic spread to the head and neck area is extremely rare. In the presented case, an uncommon site of solitary metastatic spread of HCC to the mandible confirmed after the core biopsy of the lesion is reported. There have been only about 80 cases of mandibular HCC metastases described in the literature to date. We contribute our experience to the pool of data. Case presentation: A 65-year-old female with HCV-related liver cirrhosis was diagnosed with an HCC that was successfully treated with liver resection. Subsequently, the patient had developed COVID-19 disease, which was associated with a painless swelling in the left jaw. A neck MDCT scan demonstrated an osteolytic soft-tissue mass in the left mandible, with the characteristics consistent for the metastasis of HCC. In order to confirm the diagnosis, a core biopsy of the mandibular mass was performed. The pathohistological evaluation confirmed the presence of a metastatic HCC in the mandible. No other sites of disease dissemination were identified in extensive MDCT scans. Despite considering various treatments, including symptomatic and palliative, the patient's overall prognosis remained poor. Conclusions: Isolated metastases of HCC to the orofacial region are extremely rare; however, it should be considered in patients with known risk factors for HCC development. Early diagnosis is critical, and clinicians should consider this possibility of HCC spread when assessing patients with orofacial swelling, among those patients with risk factors for HCC. The overall prognosis for such patients remains poor, emphasizing the challenges in managing these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives. Cholestasis activates complex mechanisms of liver injury and as a result has an increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Depending on the stage of liver disease, different matrix metalloproteinases expressions have been detected and could serve as indirect biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. MMP-9 proteolytic activity has a proven role in both liver regeneration and neoplastic cell invasion in various malignancies. The purpose of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the effect of external biliary drainage on enzyme activity of MMP-9 in the serum of patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction. Materials and Methods. Between November 2020 and April 2021, 45 patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction underwent percutaneous biliary drainage following determination of serum MMP-9 enzyme activity (before treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment) by gelatin zymography. Results. MMP-9 values decreased statistically significantly 4 weeks after percutaneous biliary drainage (p = 0.028) as well as the value of total bilirubin (p < 0.001), values of direct bilirubin (p < 0.001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.001), alanine transaminase (ALT) (p < 0.001), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (p < 0.001). Conclusions. In patients with malignant hilar biliary obstruction treated by external percutaneous biliary drainage for cholestasis resolution, a significant reduction in MMP-9 serum values was noted 4 weeks after the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Treatment of cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a challenge worldwide. In accordance with the current recommendations for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management during the COVID-19 pandemic, loco-regional therapy such as transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was proposed with the purpose of achieving local tumor control and improving overall survival. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to evaluate the outcomes of TACE treatment in patients with HCC during the COVID-19 pandemic in comparison with the outcomes of patients treated in the pre-pandemic period. Materials and Methods: Between September 2018 and December 2021, 154 patients were managed by serial TACE procedures for different liver tumors. Ninety-seven patients met the study criteria and were divided into two groups: the study group n = 49 (patients treated from May 2020 to December 2021); the control group n = 48 (patients treated from September 2018 to May 2020). Results: The mean waiting time for TACE was significantly longer in the study group compared to the control group (p < 0.001). No significant difference in survival between the groups is noted (log-rank test p = 0.823). In multivariate analysis, the MELD score (HR 1.329, 95% CI 1.140–1.548, p < 0.001) remained a significant predictor of mortality. Conclusions: COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the final outcome of TACE treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Food is imperative for biological survival. It is a necessity and a source of health and vitality if taken with the awareness of all the correlations between food and health and development. This paper aims to research the correlation between food, health, and longevity, and the factors in the chain of food safety and healthy food and diet to determine their role and significance and offer recommendations based on results and conclusions. Since children and adolescents are more likely to be affected by an unhealthy diet in the long term, their dietary habits were also researched. The paper identified the elements of importance for this problem – individuals, family, education system, media, food producers, state and international organizations. After analysis of the roles of all the elements and stakeholders in the chain of food safety and healthy diet, recommendations for each link in that chain were given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]