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Canine urolithiasis is a common urinary tract disease requiring a rapid definitive diagnosis for immediate surgical and/or nonsurgical therapy. The calculi may be microscopic or macroscopic, and when detected, the condition should be treated, either surgically or conservatively. This paper presents a surgical management of urolithiasis in a two-year old Lhasa apso bitch. The dog was haematuric for two weeks and had been on ceftriaxone and diclofenac for the period. Urolithiasis was confirmed following ultrasonography. The dog was pre-medicated with 0.02 mg/kg atropine sulphate and 2 mg/kg xylazine, while anaesthesia was induced and maintained with 10 mg/kg of 5% ketamine. Following aseptic patient preparation, the peritoneal cavity was accessed via a caudal ventral midline incision. The bladder was incised and the uroliths were evacuated via a cystotomy incision. Retrograde flushing of the urethra was performed to propel uroliths into the bladder for removal. The urinary bladder was closed with polyglycolic acid in Lambert suture pattern. The peritoneum and muscles were sutured using catgut in simple continuous suture. The skin was closed with silk using horizontal mattress suture pattern. The dog recovered uneventfully from the surgery and the wound healed after two weeks, at which time the skin suture was removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The left coronary artery (LCA) usually divides into two (anterior interventricular artery [AIA] and left circumflex [LCx] artery) or less frequently into the AIA, LCx,and one or more "additional" terminal branch/es (ATBs). These ATBs of the LCA have no unanimity regarding their anatomical nomenclature. There is a lack of common consensus on the criteria used for their definition, and they are also absent from the current Terminologia Anatomica (1998). This study, therefore,aimed to document the prevalence of the ATBs of the LCA, discuss their clinical importance, and propose an anatomical nomenclature. This study was conducted by reviewing 367 coronary angiograms. The termination patterns of the LCA were classified into 3 categories based on the number of their branches, viz. (a) bifurcation78.2%, (b) trifurcation 20.4%, and (c) quadrifurcation 1.4%, respectively. The presence of an ATB was recorded in 21.8% of the angiograms. The identification of this vessel may be of clinical importance because the extent of its supply may decrease the effect of occlusion of the LCx artery and AIA on the myocardium.The term "left ramus medianus artery" is proposed as the nomenclature for the ATB of the LCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

LED array microscopes have the advantages of miniaturisation and low cost. It has been demonstrated that LED array microscopes outperform Köhler illumination microscopes in some applications. A LED array allows for a large numerical aperture of illumination. The larger numerical aperture of illumination brings the higher spatial resolution, but the lower image contrast as well. Therefore, there is a tradeoff between resolution and contrast for LED array microscopes. The Fourier ptychographic algorithm can overcome this tradeoff by increasing image contrast without sacrificing spatial resolution. However, the Fourier ptychographic algorithm requires acquisition of multiple images, which is time‐consuming and results in live sample imaging challenging. To solve this problem, we develop contrast‐enhanced, single‐shot LED array microscopy based on the Fourier ptychographic algorithm and deep learning. The sample to be imaged is under illumination by all LEDs of the array simultaneously. The image captured is fed to several trained convolutional neural networks to generate the same number of images that are required by the Fourier ptychographic algorithm. We experimentally present that the image contrast of the final reconstruction is remarkably improved in comparison with the image captured. The proposed method can also produce chromatic‐aberration‐free results, even when an objective without aberration correction is used. We believe the method might provide live sample imaging with a low‐cost approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The trigeminal ganglion (TG) is the primary site of aberration in trigeminal neuralgia (TN), and hence a crucial site where afferent input can be modulated. Here, we postulated that inhibiting TG via optogenetics using flexible optic cannula would diminish brainstem trigeminal nucleus caudalis (TNC) neuronal activity and pain behavior in TN rat model. Infraorbital nerve constriction was employed to induce TN in female Sprague-Dawley rats, while naive and sham rats served as controls. TG-directed microinjections of AAV virus containing either the optogenetic or null vector were delivered to rats in each group. In vivo electrophysiological responses were obtained from the ventral posteromedial nucleus (VPm) of the thalamus with simultaneous TG optogenetic stimulation using flexible optic cannula as well the effects on behavioral responses were investigated. Recordings in TN rats revealed a decrease in burst firing activity during yellow laser driven inhibition on TG, as well as considerably improved behavioral responses. In contrast, we noticed persistent hypersensitivity and increased tonic firing with blue laser stimulation which indicates that TG inhibition can synchronize trigeminal pain signal transmission in a TN animal model. The potential of an optogenetic approach in TG itself with flexible optic fiber to directly disrupt the trigeminal pain circuitry delivers fundamental underpinnings toward its prospective as a trigeminal neuralgia management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron‐rich boron nitride nanotubes (BN‐BNNTs), which have boron antisite defects (BN), adsorb gas molecules more favorably as compared to their pristine counterparts because of the localized states of antisites. Using computational chemistry methods, the structural, adsorptive, and electronic properties of selected diatomic air pollutants (CO, NO, and SO) on BN‐BNNT (8,0), with a particular focus on the antisites, are investigated. It is found that CO adsorbs on BN with 180° angle (∠BNCO) while NO and SO adsorb with 142° angle (∠BNNO) and 116° angle (∠BNSO), respectively. This difference is ascribed to the repulsive interaction originated from lone pair electrons on N and S. Adsorption energy of CO, NO, and SO molecules dominates over that of O2 and N2 and is independent of their radii of BN‐BNNTs. The practical capacity of these pollutant molecules is calculated to be ≈5 mmol g–1 (14 wt%) under ambient conditions. Therefore, our results show that BN‐BNNT can be used as a highly selective adsorbent for diatomic air pollutants. BN‐BNNT as sensing materials in terms of change in bandgap and work function through the adsorption is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a way to overcome challenges with global warming, the use of fossil fuels in producing environmentally friendly energy towards reducing the ozone layer depletion and greenhouse gas emissions by participating countries is of interest. The adsorption refrigeration system has the advantages of a long lifespan and its environmental friendliness; however, its major disadvantage is the low coefficient of performance, which is a function of adsorbent–adsorbate, with zeolite–water as the most common adsorbent–adsorbate working pair. Zeolites 4A and 13X are the most used zeolite classes due to their higher selectivity for separating mixtures of CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4/N2 and their high-water adsorption capability, respectively. In this study, for the first time, the synthesis of zeolites 4A and 13X from natural sources (Kankara kaolin) and the mixture optimization for solar adsorption refrigeration application were considered. Raw Kankara kaolin, beneficiated Kankara kaolin, calcined Kankara kaolin and synthesized zeolites 4A and 13X were characterized using X-ray fluorescence, while the synthesized zeolites 4A and 13X were characterized using X-ray diffraction. Using the mixture simplex lattice design of experiment, mixtures of zeolites 4A and 13X were developed and characterized using Brunauer, Emmett and Teller analysis to obtain their pore size, specific surface area and pore volume. The statistical analysis produced the mathematical models of the response that were significant for pore size and specific surface area. The analysis proposed an optimal solution of 75 wt% zeolite 4A and 25 wt% zeolite 13X, which gave a desirability of 0.944. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insecurity in Nigeria is causing panic. It is complex and difficult to tackle because it comes in different forms. The paper sees attacks on educational institutions, killings and abduction of school children by insurgency, ethnic and religious militias, bandits and kidnappers as security challenges impeding the progress of the nation. The use of the internet media to spread sentiments of hate is a thing of worry that it addresses. The paper discusses internet media peace education as an intervention program that may be effective and serve as a better option of peace building. The paper concludes that online peace building has not been given enough attention in Nigeria. It recommends online media interactive dialogue, religious peace education programs, peace jingle etc. as the possible panacea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The radiometric mapping of the terrestrial ionizing radiation to evaluate the possible radiological health risk to residents of Agbor and Asaba metropolis have been conducted, using a digilert nuclear radiation monitor meter and geographical positioning system (GPS). The two monitored cities and environs were delineated into five zones. Measured zones mean outdoor background ionizing radiation (BIR) levels in Asaba ranged from 0.012 ± 0.003 mRh−1 (1.01 ± 0.27 mSvy−1 ) to 0.023 ± 0.009 mRh−1 (1.96 ± 0.82 mSvy−1) with total mean value of 0.018 ± 0.006 mR h − 1 (1.52 ± 0.49 mSvy−1). In Agbor, zones mean outdoor BIR levels ranged from 0.012 ± 0.004 mRh−1 (1.01 ± 0.35 mSvy−1 ) to 0.019 ± 0.004 mRh−1 (1.58 ± 0.37 mSvy−1) with total mean value of 0.016 ± 0.004 mR h − 1 (1.38 ± 0.38 mSvy−1). The mean outdoor absorbed dose rate for Asaba and Agbor are 158.34 ± 50.44 nGy h − 1 and 141.52 ± 29.58 nGy h − 1 , respectively. The mean annual effective dose equivalent (AEDE) for the two cities are 0.19 ± 0.05 and 0.16 ± 0.05 mSvy−1, respectively, while the mean excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) are (0.69 ± 0.21 and 0.64 ± 0.17) × 10−3 mSvy−1, respectively. The estimated effective dosage to organs received shows that testes have the highest dose of 0.10 mSvy−1, with liver receiving the lowest dose of 0.06 mSvy−1. The study revealed that of the 100 sampling locations, 76 sampling sites outdoor radiation levels (76%) exceeded the World ambient standard levels of 0.013 mRh−1(1.0 mSvy−1). The overall results obtained shows elevation of BIR levels and all the estimated risk parameters except ELCR and effective doses to organs, above recommended limit for the public. However, these values obtained will not constitute any immediate radiological health risk to the residents of the study areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was designed to characterize yeast species isolated from fruits and use as starter cultures in pineapple wine production. Forty yeast isolates were obtained from fermenting pineapple, watermelon and cashew juices using culture-dependent method and screened for pathogenicity properties. Eleven of the yeast isolates were non-pathogenic and were investigated for their abilities to produce invertase, tolerate ethanol, sugars, grow at different temperatures and pH by spectrophotometric method. Identification of the yeast isolates was carried out using API (ID 32C) kit. The result obtained showed that Isolate PIN32 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4) had the highest invertase activity of 40.04±0.5 Umol/min followed by 30.17±0.1 Umol/min produced by WAM8 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1). The highest tolerance to ethanol was demonstrated by isolate PIN32 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4) and WAM8 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae1) with a growth of 1.31±0.3 and 1.26±0.2 respectively. Optimum glucose tolerance was observed in WAM8 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae1), while PIN32 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4) demonstrated the highest growth in 20% sucrose. Similarly PIN32 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 4) and WAM8 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae 1) recorded the highest growth of 1.55 at pH 6. All isolates exhibited optimum growths at 300 C with PIN32 recording the highest growth. The isolates were identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia farinosa, Saccharomyces kluyveri, Kloeckera japonica, Pichia ohmeri, Debaromyces polymorphus, Candida kefyr. The result showed that PIN32 and WAM 8 could be selected as potential starter cultures for pineapple wine production based on the empirical findings in this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews recent research on adsorption refrigeration systems. Common and new-type adsorbent–adsorbate working pairs for adsorption refrigeration are summarized and classified. The performance evaluating parameters such as the coefficient of performance and specific cooling power are analyzed for an adsorption refrigeration system, and the influential factors of adsorption refrigeration system performance are investigated from the adsorbent and adsorption bed, respectively. The factors from the adsorbent include the following: the adsorbent particle size, size of micropores inside the adsorbent, total porosity of the adsorbent, and adsorbent stability. Optimization methods for improving adsorbents' stability are proposed, and four preparation methods for composite adsorbents are summarized. Methods for improving the performance of an adsorption refrigeration system from the adsorption bed are illustrated by examples, including increasing the heat exchange area, improving the surface coating technology, utilizing the heat pipe technology, and designing the multiple adsorption bed system. Among these factors, the working pairs of adsorption refrigeration play the most important role for the system performance, and developing the new type of composite adsorbent to improve the performance and stability is the effective strategy to optimize the system performance. This article also provides suggestions on recent progress and the innovation directions for an adsorption refrigeration system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation aimed at estimating the influence of γ rays, confirmed suppressive effect on germination and seedling parameters of rice compared to non-irradiated seed. Seeds of paddy (BPT 5204) were exposed to different doses of γ rays ranging from 0.40 KGy to 2.00 KGy using Co60 γ radiation (GC 5000) facility at Quality Control Laboratory, Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during 2010-11. The experimental results revealed that the percentage of germination decreased after irradiation and the effect became stronger with increase of γ dose. Parameters such as germination percentage, speed of germination, mean daily germination, peak value and germination value have significantly decreased with increased irradiation doses. Similarly, seedling parameters, viz. shoot length, root length and vigor index and root and shoot length ratio expressed higher reduction at higher doses as compared to untreated control. The study clearly indicated the deleterious effects of γ irradiation increased at regular intervals, with attainment of LD50 at a dose of 1.20 KGy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]