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Introduction: Endometrial cancer is one of the leading gynaecological malignancies in developed countries and becoming more prevalent in Malaysia. These have significant impact in women and management of this disease. If it occurs on young women, and as a whole becomes a burden on the national economy and world. This research aims to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological features of endometrial epithelial cancer among women treated in a University Hospital., Materials and Methods: Endometrial cancer cases were retrieved from the Pathology Department's Laboratory Information. The histopathology examination reports of the selected cases were reviewed, and the findings and diagnosis were recorded. The descriptive data was presented using pie charts, bar graphs, and tables., Results: Endometrial cancer recorded the highest in 2022 and less than 15 of endometrial cancer cases were recorded in other years. Women with endometrial cancer diagnosed between the ages of 50 and 59 have the highest percentage (36.6%). It is the most prevalent high number (89%) among female Malay race people. Hypertension and diabetes were found in 52.5% and 37.8% of endometrial cancer patients, respectively. Endometrial cancer patients were also overweight or obese (68.2%). Endometrial cancers were of endometrioid subtypes with tumour grade 1 (71.6%) and early the stage 1 (57.6%). The myometrial invasion in 64.7% of endometrial cancer patients exhibited a superficial invasion depth of less than 50% (54.7%). Lymphovascular invasion was observed in 28.9% of diagnosed cases., Conclusion: Despite belonging to the postmenopausal and overweight/obesity categories, Malay Kelantanese women diagnosed with endometrial cancer exhibited some favourable prognostic indicators.

We previously reported on the effects of a lactobacilli probiotic (SynForU-HerCare; two capsules/day of 9.5 log CFU/capsule) in improving symptoms of vaginal irritation, discharge and burning in pregnant women with vaginal candidiasis upon administration for 8 weeks, accompanied by improved emotional and social quality of life parameters. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse vaginal microbiota and inflammatory changes in hope to better understand the improved clinical symptoms as observed previously. Patients in the probiotic group showed a decreased abundance of Candida glabrata after 8 weeks ( p = 0.009) in the lower vaginal region, while patients in the placebo group did not show any changes over time. In the higher vaginal and cervicovaginal regions, patients in the placebo group showed a decreased abundance of Candida albicans only within 4 weeks ( p < 0.05) but no changes in abundance of C. glabrata over time, while patients in the probiotic group showed a continuous decreased abundance of C. albicans and C. glabrata over 8 weeks ( p < 0.05). Patients in the placebo group also had a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus over 4 weeks ( p = 0.023) in the lower vaginal region and a decreased abundance of L. jensenii over 8 weeks in the cervicovaginal region ( p = 0.001). Meanwhile, patients in the probiotic group had an increased abundance of L. crispatus in the lower vaginal region after 8 weeks ( p = 0.012) and Lactobacillus jensenii over 4 weeks in the cervicovaginal region ( p < 0.001). Inflammation may have occurred in both low and high vaginal regions, predominantly observed by the increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha in patients from the placebo group ( p < 0.05), while the administration of probiotics has shortened the period of inflammation as observed from the reduced need for anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10 over time ( p < 0.05). Taken together, our present new data further support previous findings that probiotic SynForU-HerCare had a beneficial effect against vaginal candidiasis in pregnant women via modulation of the vaginal microbiota and microenvironment.