19 results on '"Abu Rasul"'
Search Results
2. Soluble factors produced by activated CD4 + T cells modulate EBV latency
- Author
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George Klein, Dorina Ujvari, Frank Heuts, Benjamin Leveau, Monika Adori, Harsha S Madapura, Daniel Salamon, Abu Rasul, Eva Klein, and Noémi Nagy
- Subjects
CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Multidisciplinary ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Lymphoblast ,Lymphocyte ,Biological Sciences ,Biology ,Lymphocyte Activation ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Molecular biology ,Coculture Techniques ,Virus Latency ,Interleukin 21 ,Cytokine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Solubility ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Virus latency ,medicine ,Humans ,Cytotoxic T cell ,IL-2 receptor ,B cell - Abstract
Following infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), the virus is carried for life in the memory B-cell compartment in a silent state (latency I/0). These cells do not resemble the proliferating lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) (latency III) that are generated after infection. It is of fundamental significance to identify how the different EBV expression patterns are established in the latently infected cell. In view of the prompt activatability of CD4 + T cells in primary EBV infection, and their role in B-cell differentiation, we studied the involvement of CD4 + T cells in the regulation of EBV latency. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were cocultured with autologous or allogeneic CD4 + T cells. Activated T cells influenced the expression of two key viral proteins that determine the fate of the infected B cell. EBNA2 was down-regulated, whereas LMP1 was unregulated and the cells proliferated less. This was paralleled by the down-regulation of the latency III promoter (Cp). Experiments performed in the transwell system showed that this change does not require cell contact, but it is mediated by soluble factors. Neutralizing experiments proved that the up-regulation of LMP1 is, to some extent, mediated by IL21, but this cytokine was not responsible for EBNA2 down-regulation. This effect was partly mediated by soluble CD40L. We detected similar regulatory functions of T cells in in vitro-infected lymphocyte populations. In conclusion, our results revealed an additional mechanism by which CD4 + T cells can control the EBV-induced B-cell proliferation.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Lymphoblastoid cell line with B1 cell characteristics established from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia clone by in vitro EBV infection
- Author
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Richard Rosenquist, Anna Lanemo Myhrinder, Abu Rasul, Bin Tean Teh, Anders Rosén, Chamilly Evaldsson, Ann-Charlotte Bergh, Larry Mansouri, Mattias Jansson, Eva Hellqvist, Peter Gogok, Magnus Björkholm, Anquan Liu, and Eva Klein
- Subjects
Medicin och hälsovetenskap ,Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,Lymphocyte ,Immunology ,Clone (cell biology) ,Biology ,Medical and Health Sciences ,leukemogenesis ,immune system diseases ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,B cell ,CD20 ,self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells ,cell-of-origin ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,human B1 cells ,Haematopoiesis ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,lymphoblastoid cell line ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,chronic lymphocytic leukemia ,CD5 ,Stem cell ,Research Paper - Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells express the receptor for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and can be infected in vitro. Infected cells do not express the growth-promoting set of EBV-encoded genes and therefore they do not yield LCLs, in most experiments. With exceptional clones, lines were obtained however. We describe a new line, HG3, established by in vitro EBV-infection from an IGHV1–2 unmutated CLL patient clone. All cells expressed EBNA-2 and LMP-1, the EBV-encoded genes pivotal for transformation. The karyotype, FISH cytogenetics and SNP-array profile of the line and the patient's ex vivo clone showed biallelic 13q14 deletions with genomic loss of DLEU7, miR15a/miR16–1, the two micro-RNAs that are deleted in 50% of CLL cases. Further features of CLL cells were: expression of CD5/CD20/CD27/CD43 and release of IgM natural antibodies reacting with oxLDL-like epitopes on apoptotic cells (cf. stereotyped subset-1). Comparison with two LCLs established from normal B cells showed 32 genes expressed at higher levels (> 2-fold). Among these were LHX2 and LILRA. These genes may play a role in the development of the disease. LHX2 expression was shown in self-renewing multipotent hematopoietic stem cells, and LILRA4 codes for a receptor for bone marrow stromal cell antigen-2 that contributes to B cell development. Twenty-four genes were expressed at lower levels, among these PARD3 that is essential for asymmetric cell division. These genes may contribute to establish precursors of CLL clones by regulation of cellular phenotype in the hematopoietic compartment. Expression of CD5/CD20/CD27/CD43 and spontaneous production of natural antibodies may identify the CLL cell as a self-renewing B1 lymphocyte.
- Published
- 2012
4. Simultaneous detection of the two main proliferation driving EBV encoded proteins, EBNA-2 and LMP-1 in single B cells
- Author
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Hans-Erik Claesson, Eva Klein, Abu Rasul, Noémi Nagy, Ebba Sohlberg, George Klein, and Monika Adori
- Subjects
Herpesvirus 4, Human ,Immunology ,Cell ,Immunoblotting ,Lymphoproliferative disorders ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Immunofluorescence ,Cell Line ,Viral Matrix Proteins ,Viral Proteins ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,Gene ,Cells, Cultured ,Cell Proliferation ,B-Lymphocytes ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Interleukins ,Latent virus infection ,Reproducibility of Results ,medicine.disease ,Flow Cytometry ,Epstein–Barr virus ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Lymphoma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigens ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,Single-Cell Analysis - Abstract
Epstein Barr virus (EBV) is carried by almost all adults, mostly without clinical manifestations. Latent virus infection of B lymphocytes induces activation and proliferation that can be demonstrated in vitro . In healthy individuals, generation of EBV induced malignant proliferation is avoided by continuous immunological surveillance. The proliferation inducing set of the virally encoded genes is expressed exclusively in B cells in a defined differentiation window. It comprises nine EBV encoded nuclear proteins, EBNA 1–6, and three cell membrane associated proteins, LMP-1, 2A and 2B, designated as latency Type III. Outside this window the expression of the viral genes is limited. Healthy carriers harbor a low number of B lymphocytes in which the viral genome is either silent or expresses one virally encoded protein, EBNA-1, latency Type I. In addition, EBV genome carrying B cells can lack either EBNA-2 or LMP-1, latency Type IIa or Type IIb respectively. These cells have no inherent proliferation capacity. Detection of both EBNA-2 and LMP-1 can identify B cells with growth potential. We devised therefore a method for their simultaneous detection in cytospin deposited cell populations. Simultaneous detection of EBNA-2 and LMP-1 was reported earlier in tissues derived from infectious mononucleosis (IM), postransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) and from “humanized” mice infected with EBV. We show for the first time the occurrence of Type IIa and Type IIb cells in cord blood lymphocyte populations infected with EBV in vitro . Further, we confirm the variation of EBNA-2 and LMP-1 expression in several Type III lines and that they vary independently in individual cells. We visualize that in Type III LCL, induced for plasmacytoid differentiation by IL-21 treatment, EBV protein expression changes to Type IIa (EBNA-2 negative LMP-1 positive). We also show that when the proliferation of EBV infected cord blood lymphocyte culture is inhibited by the immunomodulator, PSK, the majority of the cells express latency Type IIa pattern. These results show that by modifying the differentiation state, the proliferating EBV positive B cells can be “curbed”. Type IIa expression is a characteristic for EBV positive Reed–Sternberg (R/S) cells in EBV positive Hodgkin's lymphomas. For survival and proliferation, the R/S cells require the contribution of the in vivo microenvironment. Consequently, Type IIa lines could not be established from Hodgkin's lymphoma in vitro . We propose that these experimental cultures can be exploited for study of the Type IIa cells.
- Published
- 2012
5. EBV genome carrying B lymphocytes that express the nuclear protein EBNA-2 but not LMP-1
- Author
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Eva Klein, Noémi Nagy, and Abu Rasul
- Subjects
T cell ,Lymphocyte ,Immunology ,Cell ,Biology ,Virology ,Virus ,Malignant transformation ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immune system ,Oncology ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Nuclear protein ,B cell - Abstract
The potentially oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is carried by almost all humans in a well equilibrated coexistence. The phenotype of the cells that carry EBV genomes is determined by virally-encoded and cellular proteins. B lymphocyte is the main target of the virus and latent infection of this cell induces proliferation. Nine virus-encoded genes participate in the “growth program” that is expressed in a narrow differentiation window of the B cell. Such cells have the potential to develop malignant proliferations. However, several control mechanism eliminate this danger and the general chronic virus carrier state is most often asymptomatic. One mechanism exploits the normal regulation in the immune system, the T cell mediated modulation of the B cell differentiation state. Another is based on cognate recognition and elimination of the infected cells. The expression of EBV encoded genes in B lymphocytes can be also “restricted,” they do not express all components of the viral growth program. Here, we discuss a rare viral expression in B cells that has not been connected with malignant transformation yet.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Soluble factors produced by activated CD4+ I cells modulate EBV latency.
- Author
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Nagy, Noémi, Adori, Mónika, Rasul, Abu, Heuts, Frank, Salamon, Daniel, Ujvári, Donna, Madapura, Harsha S., Leveau, Benjamin, Klein, George, and Klein, Eva
- Subjects
EPSTEIN-Barr virus ,B cells ,LYMPHOBLASTOID cell lines ,VIRAL proteins ,CELL proliferation - Abstract
Following infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the virus is carried for life in the memory B-cell compartment in a silent state (latency I/0). These cells do not resemble the proliferating lymphoblastoid cells (LCLs) (latency III) that are generated after infection. It is of fundamental significance to identify how the different EBV expression patterns are established in the latently infected cell. In view of the prompt activatability of CD4
+ T cells in primary EBV infection, and their role in B-cell differentiation, we studied the involvement of CD4+ T cells in the regulation of EBV latency. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) were cocultured with autologous or allogeneic CD4+ T cells. Activated T cells influenced the expression of two key viral proteins that determine the fate of the infected B cell. EBNA2 was down-regulated, whereas LMP1 was unregulated and the cells proliferated less. This was paralleled by the down-regulation of the latency III promoter (Cp). Experiments performed in the transwell system showed that this change does not require cell contact, but it is mediated by soluble factors. Neutralizing experiments proved that the up-regulation of LMP1 is, to some extent, mediated by IL21, but this cytokine was not responsible for EBNA2 down-regulation. This effect was partly mediated by soluble CD40L. We detected similar regulatory functions of T cells in in vitro-infected lymphocyte populations. In conclusion, our results revealed an additional mechanism by which CD4+ T cells can control the EBV-induced B-cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. NOTE TO MY SUCCESSOR.
- Author
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Bennett, Brian
- Subjects
PRIME ministers ,ASSASSINATION ,CABINET officers - Abstract
This article looks at the current government in Iraq under interim prime minister Ibrahim al-Jaafari. Al-Jaafari will not be prime minister after the Dec. 15 vote, but his successor will probably not have a governing majority. The current cabinet was chosen through compromise and al-Jaafari has little or no control over it. After the Dec. 15th vote it is unlikely that the new prime minister will be able to choose his own cabinet placing him in the same predicament as al-Jaafari. The prime minister's role is primarily that of a playground monitor. Al-Jaafari contends with a lack of control over his cabinet and with the possibility that the Department of the Interior may be involved in the assassination of Saddam Hussein's lawyers.
- Published
- 2005
8. English letters, Kurdish words: Debunking Orientalist Tropes in Kae Bahar's Letters from a Kurd.
- Author
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Beyad, Maryam Soltan, Ghorbani, Somaye, and Amiri, Cyrus
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Hunt the Wolf: A SEAL Team Six Novel.
- Subjects
SUSPENSE fiction ,FICTION - Abstract
A review of the book "Hunt the Wolf: A SEAL Team Six Novel," by Don Mann with Ralph Pezzullo is presented.
- Published
- 2012
10. Matias Faldbakken
- Subjects
Motion pictures -- Criticism and interpretation -- Rankings -- Evaluation ,Images, Photographic -- Criticism and interpretation ,Photographs -- Criticism and interpretation ,Artists -- Works -- Rankings -- Evaluation ,Arts, visual and performing ,Rankings ,Criticism and interpretation ,Evaluation ,Works - Abstract
Matias Faldbakken is an Oslo-based artist and author who often writes under the pseudonym Abu Rasul. This month, his play, Cold Product, will be published under his own name by [...]
- Published
- 2006
11. Perspectives on the History of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
- Author
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Agnès Garcia-Ventura, Lorenzo Verderame, Agnès Garcia-Ventura, and Lorenzo Verderame
- Subjects
- Assyriology--Historiography, Assyriology--History
- Abstract
The present volume collects eighteen essays exploring the history of ancient Near Eastern studies. Combining diverse approaches—synthetic and analytic, diachronic and transnational—this collection offers critical reflections on the who, why, and how of this cluster of fields. How have political contexts determined the conduct of research? How do academic agendas reflect larger social, economic, and cultural interests? How have schools of thought and intellectual traditions configured, and sometimes predetermined, the study of the ancient Near East? Contributions treating research during the Nazi and fascist periods examine the interpenetration of academic work with politics, while contributions dealing with specific national contexts disclose fresh perspectives on individual scholars as well as the conditions and institutions in which they worked. Particular attention is given to scholarship in countries such as Turkey, Portugal, Iran, China, and Spain, which have hitherto been marginal to historiographic accounts of ancient Near Eastern studies.In addition to the editors, the contributors are Selim Ferru Adali, Silvia Alaura, Isabel Almeida, Petr Charvát, Parsa Daneshmand, Eva von Dassow, Hakan Erol, Sebastian Fink, Jakob Flygare, Pietro Giammellaro, Carlos Gonçalves, Katrien de Graef, Steven W. Holloway, Ahmed Fatima Kzzo, Changyu Liu, Patrick Maxime Michel, Emanuel Pfoh, Jitka Sýkorová, Luděk Vacín, and Jordi Vidal.
- Published
- 2020
12. Assad or We Burn the Country : How One Family's Lust for Power Destroyed Syria
- Author
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Sam Dagher and Sam Dagher
- Abstract
From a Pulitzer Prize-nominated journalist specializing in the Middle East, this groundbreaking account of the Syrian Civil War reveals the never-before-published true story of a 21st-century humanitarian disaster. In spring 2011, Syrian President Bashar al-Assad turned to his friend and army commander, Manaf Tlass, for advice about how to respond to Arab Spring-inspired protests. Tlass pushed for conciliation but Assad decided to crush the uprising -- an act which would catapult the country into an eight-year long war, killing almost half a million and fueling terrorism and a global refugee crisis. Assad or We Burn the Country examines Syria's tragedy through the generational saga of the Assad and Tlass families, once deeply intertwined and now estranged in Bashar's bloody quest to preserve his father's inheritance. By drawing on his own reporting experience in Damascus and exclusive interviews with Tlass, Dagher takes readers within palace walls to reveal the family behind the destruction of a country and the chaos of an entire region. Dagher shows how one of the world's most vicious police states came to be and explains how a regional conflict extended globally, engulfing the Middle East and pitting the United States and Russia against one another. Timely, propulsive, and expertly reported, Assad or We Burn the Country is the definitive account of this global crisis, going far beyond the news story that has dominated headlines for years.
- Published
- 2019
13. The Land Beyond : A Thousand Miles on Foot Through the Heart of the Middle East
- Author
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Leon McCarron and Leon McCarron
- Abstract
SHORTLISTED FOR THE ADVENTURE TRAVEL BOOK OF THE YEAR AT THE EDWARD STANFORD TRAVEL WRITING AWARDS. There are many reasons why it might seem unwise to walk, mostly alone, through the Middle East. That, in part, is exactly why Leon McCarron did it.From Jerusalem, McCarron followed a series of wild hiking trails that trace ancient trading and pilgrimage routes and traverse some of the most contested landscapes in the world. In the West Bank, he met families struggling to lead normal lives amidst political turmoil and had a surreal encounter with the world's oldest and smallest religious sect. In Jordan, he visited the ruins of Hellenic citadels and trekked through the legendary Wadi Rum. His journey culminated in the vast deserts of the Sinai, home to Bedouin tribes and haunted by the ghosts of Biblical history. The Land Beyond is a journey through time, from the quagmire of current geopolitics to the original ideals of the faithful, through the layers of history, culture and religion that have shaped the Holy Land. But at its heart, it is the story of people, not politics and of the connections that can bridge seemingly insurmountable barriers.
- Published
- 2017
14. The Red Minaret Memoirs of Ibrahim Ghusheh: Ex-Spokesman of Hamas
- Author
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Hassan Ibrahim and Hassan Ibrahim
- Subjects
- Arab-Israeli conflict, Palestinian Arabs--Biography, Politicians--Arab countries--Biography, Palestine question (1948-)
- Abstract
this book is not merely the autobigraphy of Mr. Ibrahem Ghusheh, it is also a living testimony of the palestinian and jordanian muslim brother's experience over a fifty years span. Ibrahem Ghusheh was the official spokesman for hamas during the period 1991-1999. his memoirs provide rich material and information published for the first time.
- Published
- 2013
15. Hunt the Wolf : A SEAL Team Six Novel
- Author
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Don Mann, Ralph Pezzullo, Don Mann, and Ralph Pezzullo
- Subjects
- Terrorists--Fiction, Kidnapping--Fiction
- Abstract
Navy SEAL Team Six commando Don Mann infuses his debut military thriller with the real-life details only a true insider can reveal. In the midst of a grueling training exercise, Thomas Crocker, USN, unearths a pocket of terrorism that leads straight from the slopes of K2 to the cities of Europe and the Middle East. Crocker and his team, who are trained for the most intense kinds of combat in the most extreme environments, must blaze through a perilous web of terrorist cells to track down a ruthless sheikh who is running an international kidnapping ring before his captives pay the ultimate price. Hunt the Wolf is an adrenaline-packed novel sure to appeal to fans of Vince Flynn and Brad Thor, featuring the world's most elite soldiers and based on the experiences of renowned SEAL Team 6 commando Don Mann.
- Published
- 2012
16. Inside SEAL Team Six : My Life and Missions with America's Elite Warriors
- Author
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Don Mann and Don Mann
- Abstract
The Inside Story of America's Ultimate Warriors When Osama bin Laden was assassinated, the entire world was fascinated by the men who had completed the seemingly impossible mission that had dogged the U.S. government for over a decade. SEAL Team 6 became synonymous with heroism, duty, and justice. Only a handful of the elite men who make up the SEALs, the US Navy's best and bravest, survive the legendary and grueling selection process that leads to becoming a member of Team 6, a group so classified it technically does not even exist. There are no better warriors on Earth. Don Mann knows what it takes to be a brother in this ultra-selective fraternity. As a member of Seal Team Six for over eight years and a SEAL for over seventeen years, he worked in countless covert operations, operating from land, sea, and air, and facing shootings, decapitations, and stabbings. He was captured by the enemy and lived to tell the tale, and he participated in highly classified missions all over the globe, including Somalia, Panama, El Salvador, Colombia, Afghanistan, and Iraq. As a coordinator for several civilian SEAL training programs, and as a former Training Officer of SEAL Team Six, he was directly responsible for shaping the bodies and minds of SEALs who carried out the assassination of Osama bin Laden. But to become a SEAL, Mann had to overcome his own troubled childhood and push his body to its breaking point -- and beyond. Inside Seal Team 6 is a high octane narrative of physical and mental toughness, giving unprecedented insight to the inner workings of the training and secret missions of the world's most respected and feared combat unit.
- Published
- 2011
17. Perspectives on the History of Ancient Near Eastern Studies
- Author
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GARCIA-VENTURA, AGNÈS, VERDERAME, LORENZO, GARCIA-VENTURA, AGNÈS, and VERDERAME, LORENZO
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Parable and Politics in Early Islamic History : The Rashidun Caliphs
- Author
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Tayeb El-Hibri and Tayeb El-Hibri
- Subjects
- Caliphs--Historiography.--Islamic Empire, Caliphate--Historiography, Prophets--Historiography.--Islamic Empire, Islam and politics--Historiography.--Islamic E, Islamic parables--History.--Islamic Empire, Historiography--Political aspects--Islamic Emp, Historians--History.--Islamic Empire
- Abstract
The story of the succession to the Prophet Muhammad and the rise of the Rashidun Caliphate (632-661) is familiar to historians from the political histories of medieval Islam, which treat it as a factual account. The story also informs the competing perspectives of Sunni and Shi'i Islam, which read into it the legitimacy of their claims. Yet while descriptive and varied, these approaches have long excluded a third reading, which views the conflict over the succession to the Prophet as a parable. From this vantage point, the motives, sayings, and actions of the protagonists reveal profound links to previous texts, not to mention a surprising irony regarding political and religious issues.In a controversial break from previous historiography, Tayeb El-Hibri privileges the literary and artistic triumphs of the medieval Islamic chronicles and maps the origins of Islamic political and religious orthodoxy. Considering the patterns and themes of these unified narratives, including the problem of measuring personal qualification according to religious merit, nobility, and skills in government, El-Hibri offers an insightful critique of both early and contemporary Islam and the concerns of legitimacy shadowing various rulers. In building an argument for reading the texts as parabolic commentary, he also highlights the Islamic reinterpretation of biblical traditions, both by Qur'anic exegesis and historical composition.
- Published
- 2010
19. Terrorism Financing and State Responses : A Comparative Perspective
- Author
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Harold A. Trinkunas, Jeanne K. Giraldo, Harold A. Trinkunas, and Jeanne K. Giraldo
- Subjects
- Terrorism--Prevention--Cross-cultural studies, Terrorism--Finance--Prevention--Case studies, Terrorism--Finance
- Abstract
Financial and material resources are correctly perceived as the life blood of terrorist operations, and governments have determined that fighting the financial infrastructure of terrorist organizations is the key to their defeat. Since the attacks of September 11, 2001, a good deal has been learned about sources and mechanisms used to finance the “new” terrorism, which is religiously motivated and exponentially more deadly than previous generations of terrorist organizations. New policies have been devised to combat the threat and existing policies have been enacted with greater vigor than ever before. Five years into the battle against terrorist financing, it is time to take stock of the emerging literature on terrorist financing, cut through a number of myths that have developed around the issue, and assess the current policy debates. Through a series of thematic chapters and organizational and regional case studies—examining terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda and Hezbollah, and regions such as East Africa, Europe, Latin America, the Middle East, and South East Asia—the authors provide a comprehensive assessment of the state of our knowledge about the nature of terrorism financing, and the evolution and effectiveness of terrorist strategies and government responses. This volume focuses on the preferences of major actors within terrorist networks and government agencies and the domestic and international contexts in which they make decisions and execute their strategies. It argues that both terrorism financing and government responses face problems of coordination, oversight, and information asymmetries that render them vulnerable to disruption.
- Published
- 2007
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