Search

Tracheo-bronchial adenoid cystic carcinoma (TBACC) is a rare disease. Its treatment is mainly surgical. We herein describe the clinical and para-clinical varieties of TBACC as well as their surgical treatment and prognosis. We conducted a retrospective study of eight patients operated on between 1994 and 2022 and whose definitive pathological examination concluded with primary TBACC. There were three men and five women with an average age of 44 years. The bronchoscopy found a budding formation reducing the tracheal lumen at the cervical (two cases), middle (two case) and distal trachea and carina (four cases). Bronchial anastomosis resection and sleeve pneumonectomy were the most common procedures. Surgical resections R0 were achieved in five patients. Surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in two patients with incomplete surgical resection R1. The overall survival for all patients with primary ACC was 72% at 5 years. TBACC is a rare and low-to-moderate grade malignant tumour. The choice of the surgical procedure and the appropriate approach is challenging to obtain a promising prognosis., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2025 The Author(s). Respirology Case Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of The Asian Pacific Society of Respirology.)

For years, coated metal sheets have been used in cookware manufacturing. This paper focuses on employing experimental and numerical analyses to determine the quality and formability of commercially available polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐coated aluminium sheets. For this purpose, examinations of the coating's microstructure, hardness, and friction coefficient through nano‐indentation and scratch tests, were investigated. Tensile test was performed to obtain some mechanical characteristics of the coated aluminium sheets. Moreover, the forming limit curve for the studied material was established by conducting Nakazima test, covering both negative and positive domains of minor strain. The influence of sheet thickness on formability was investigated since using 2 mm and 1 mm thick sheets in this work. Finally, the limits of deep drawing process using the finite element method with Abaqus software was studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intersection of gender and race and/or ethnicity in academic medicine is understudied; we aim to understand these factors in relation to scholarly achievements for neurology faculty. Methods: Faculty from 19 US neurology departments completed a survey (2021-2022) to report rank, leadership positions, publications, funded projects, awards, and speaker invitations. Regression analyses examined effects of gender, race, and their intersectionality on these achievements. Women, Black/Indigenous/People of Color (BIPOC), and BIPOC women were comparator groups. Results: Four hundred sixty-two faculty responded: 55% women, 43% men; 31% BIPOC, 63% White; 21% BIPOC women, 12% BIPOC men, 36% White women, 31% White men. Men and White faculty are more likely to be full professors than women and BIPOC faculty. The number of leadership positions, funded projects, awards, and speaker invitations are significantly greater in White compared to BIPOC faculty. Relative to BIPOC women, the number of leadership positions is significantly higher among BIPOC men, White women, and White men. Publication numbers for BIPOC men are lower, number of funded projects and speaker invitations for White women are higher, and number of awards among White men and White women is higher compared to BIPOC women. Discussion: Our study highlights that inequities in academic rank, award number, funded projects, speakership invitations, and leadership roles disproportionately impacted BIPOC women. More studies are needed to evaluate gender and race and/or ethnicity intersectionality effects on faculty achievements, reasons for inequities, recognition, and potential solutions.

Benefits of exercise on general health and wellbeing are undeniable. The International League Against Epilepsy has provided some guidance into exercise and sports for epilepsy. However, people with epilepsy are typically misinformed and restricted by fear and lack of evidence about exercise benefits in epilepsy. Our study seeks to investigate engagement in exercise in epilepsy at our center and identify potential barriers to physical activity. We conducted an anonymous survey at the Epilepsy Clinic using a clinically validated measure of exercise (IPAQ) at various levels: vigorous, moderate, and walking, and a questionnaire of 21 potential reasons for inactivity. Data were collected in REDCap. Statistical analysis was performed on SAS. We collected responses from 72 epilepsy participants between January and April 2024. Participants with controlled seizures were more likely to engage in moderate exercise compared to respondents with uncontrolled seizures. The top two general perceived barriers were having no one to exercise with and not liking exercise. Epilepsy-specific barriers were higher in respondents with uncontrolled seizures compared to those with controlled seizures, with the top two reasons being fear of "exercise-induced" seizures and lack of guidance on appropriate exercises. Our findings showed that there were more participants with controlled seizures who perform moderate exercise compared to those with uncontrolled seizures. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether exercise can have an impact on improving seizure control. Our study also highlights opportunities to educate health care providers, patients, and community members about exercise to facilitate engagement in exercise and improve epilepsy outcomes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a barrier protecting the brain and a milieu of continuous exchanges between blood and brain. There is emerging evidence that the BBB plays a major role in epileptogenesis and drug-resistant epilepsy, through several mechanisms, such as water homeostasis dysregulation, overexpression of drug transporters, and inflammation. Studies have shown abnormal water homeostasis in epileptic tissue and altered aquaporin-4 water channel expression in animal epilepsy models. This review focuses on abnormal water exchange in epilepsy and describes recent non-invasive MRI methods of quantifying water exchange. PLAIN LANGUAGE SUMMARY: Abnormal exchange between blood and brain contribute to seizures and epilepsy. The authors describe why correct water balance is necessary for healthy brain functioning and how it is impacted in epilepsy. This review also presents recent MRI methods to measure water exchange in human brain. These measures would improve our understanding of factors leading to seizures., (© 2024 The Author(s). Epilepsia Open published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International League Against Epilepsy.)

Epilepsy affects over 65 million people worldwide. One-third of people with epilepsy do not respond to medication and may benefit from surgery. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is the first neuromodulation therapy for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. This method is used in combination with anti-seizure medications in adults and in the pediatric population. VNS has also been demonstrated to have benefits for some epilepsy comorbidities, such as depression, and can be used in combination with other neuromodulation therapies in epilepsy. The authors present an overview of VNS physiology, patient selection, surgery and risks, neuromodulation therapy, and application to epilepsy comorbidities.

Background: Fractures of the clavicle are common injuries, which often require reduction and internal fixation. Although Kirschner pins have been commonly used to treat these fractures with good results, migration of these devices may result in severe internal lesions., Case Presentation: We report herein the case of 61-year-old man, who presented for intrapulmonary migration of a Kirschner pin, 25 years after closed reduction and fixation of a clavicle fracture., Conclusion: Migration of an osteosynthesis pin can be lethal. Patients with osteosynthesis pins, should have a regular follow, until the removal of the wires., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) either pre- or post-capillary, are at high risk of mortality or morbidity (i.e., unscheduled hospitalization for acute heart failure [HF]). Remote monitoring program (RMP) is a promising solution to reduce mortality and morbidity among patients with left HF but there is actually no data regarding patients with PH, especially in patients with pre-capillary PH. Within a large cohort of patients followed by a RPM (Satelia® Cardio), to compare the main characteristics of patients with PH compared to HF patients without PH. All patients followed by RPM from January 2019 to December 2023 in France (280 centers) were included in this retrospective analysis. Patients were divided as follow: patients with left HF, regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), but no PH ("no PH" group), patients left HF and post-capillary PH ("post-capillary PH" group), and patients with pre-capillary PH ("pre-capillary PH" group). 15,789 patients were included in this analysis (median age was 77 (67, 85) years old, 64% of male, LVEF averaged 40 ± 10%, and the median of follow-up with telemonitoring was 12 (5, 23) months) and were distributed as follow: 15,325 (97%) in the "no PH group", 434 (2.7%) in the "post-capillary PH" group and 30 (0.3%) in the "pre-capillary PH" group. The main characteristics of the patients are summarized in the Fig. 1. Not surprisingly, patients with post-capillary PH were more likely to be aging patients with higher number of comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors. A large majority of patients had an excellent adherence to the RMP and patients with pre-capillary PH were more likely to have higher adherence (P = 0.003). Interestingly, even if not significant, patients with pre-capillary PH were more likely to raise a telemonitoring alert and to be hospitalized at least once for AHF (P = 0.051 and mean number of hospitalization higher in pre-capillary versus post-capillary PH, P = 0.006). These results suggest that RMP adherence is high in patients with PH and suggest embedding telemonitoring into daily clinical practice, even in pre-capillary PH. More data regarding RMP impact on mortality and morbidity are now mandatory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]