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Background. Against the backdrop of edgy disagreements with the military command, for the first time in Russian historiography, the paper examines the views of the Secretary of the North China Bureau of the CPC Liu Shaoqi on the fundamental tasks of the party in the initial period of the Japanese Resistance War, as well as the situation in the vil-lage, designed to become a strong rear of the army, the main source of its supply and re-plenishment soldier material, the basis of all his plans and calculations. The author’s atten-tion is focused on identifying and analyzing the content of the concept of a “united front of special form” put forward by Liu Shaoqi, which later became the general line of the com-munists in allied relations with the Guomindang, as well as on the mood of the village, which did not want to take up arms even in conditions of external aggression. Results. The views of Liu Shaoqi on the situation in the North China, the policy of the united front, the strategy and tactics of the CPC in the War, as well as the situation in the traditional North Chinese village, which continued to vegetate in poverty and lack of rights, are considered. Conclusions. From the point of view of the interests of the party, namely, strengthening the ranks and preserving strength for the still upcoming class battle with the Guomindang, only the orientation towards “independence and separate” in the guerrilla struggle against the enemy, which Liu Shaoqi unswervingly adhered to, could ensure and ensured the success of the party in all its undertakings.

Background. The study, mainly based on original Chinese sources previously inaccessible to Russian historiography, examines the most important stages in the evolution of the enlistment system in the Chinese Red Army during the agrarian revolution using the example of the Central Soviet Region of the CPC. The authorʼs attention is focused on identifying and analyzing the content of both the general line of the communists in the mo-bilization policy, and the specifics of its individual aspects, typical to a particular period of the system’s development. Results. Specific methods and techniques of recruitment into active troops, as well as the accompanying mood of the masses on the background of gro-wing socio-economic difficulties and hardships associated with revolutionary wars, are considered. Conclusions. Excluding the period of its inception, the Chinese Red Army was not built on the basis of volunteerism, but on profit and enforcement; at the same time, the ideological component of the recruitment practically did not play any role.

A necessary characteristic of economic science is its practical orientation in one way or another. With the development of the economy as a science, both the level and quality of life of people increases. Behavioral economics, being an interesting field of study and research, is actively integrated into the state and economic activities of foreign countries. In this article, it is proposed to study the possibility and limits of such integration in our country for the service sector.

Correlation between individual typological features like sex-related characteristics and low initial level of stress resistance and unfavorable prognosis of ischemic brain damage is shown. At the same time, the astrocytes’ participation in neuroplasticity in this disease represents the purpose of the study. The goal was to study the cerebral cortex astrocytes’ morphometric characteristics during the cerebral hypoxia in rats of different sexes with different stress tolerance levels. We performed the study with 72 Wistar rats. According to the Open Field test results all the animals were divided into two subgroups: with high and low level of stress tolerance. Both carotid arteries of the experimental group animals (48 animals) were bandaged. Animals were removed from the experiment at 21, 60 and 90 days after surgery. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of mature astrocytes, was detected on histological sections of the central brain gyrus using primary polyclonal rabbit antibodies. Progressive decrease of the astrocytes’ numerical density and the number of first order processes were obtained during the study. It was less pronounced in animals with high stress tolerance and females. Increase of the processes’ distribution area was reliably detected. Area decreased after 90th day of the experiment. It is concluded that the astrocytes’ alteration develops earlier in animals with high stress tolerance and males, later in females (60 days) and animals with low stress tolerance (90 days).

Background. Based on the sources mostly unknown to Russian historiography, the article examines the socio-economic situation of the Chinese village during the socalled the agrarian revolution and the policy of the Communists, associated with strengthening the stability of the ruling regime of the CCP in the “red enclaves” on the example of the Central base in South China. The author’s attention is focused on identifying and characterizing economic sources and the origin of financial flows that contributed to the consolidation of party dictatorship without significant support from the peasantry and in conditions of economic decline, as well as an analysis of some causes of the collapse of the Soviet project in the country. Results. The article examines the main aspects and methods of “aiding the revolution” (expropriation) of rural rich men (“da tuhao”) and the invasion of market towns (“choukuan”) for hunt for prey of the Chinese Red Army; investigated the material capabilities of the peasantry and its reaction to the alienation of property. Conclusions. Analysis shows that the main task of the CCP’s economic policy was the total confiscation of values from the rural and urban population, regardless of their property status due to the general decline of the countryside.

Background. The CCP’s policy in the framework of two independent political campaigns – the “silent revolution” and the “movement for land reform” – has never been subjected to substantive analysis in Chinese, Russian and Western historiography. Moreover, the very names of these campaigns and, especially, the extent of violence committed during them, do not mean anything to many experts. Studying the topic allows to a certain extent to fill the gap. And in this regard, the work aims at analyzing, at least in general terms, the content of both the “revolution” and the “movement”. Results. The main aspects of the party’s general line, its politics and the socioeconomic activities of the Communists in the specified period, including the use of violence in its various forms as the main way to control the peasant masses by the CCP, are examined. Conclusions. The analysis shows that the main content and the most important condition for the success of both the “silent revolution” and the “movement for land reform” was extremely flexible and selectively dosed violence against the masses during the years of the “revolution” with the transition to total terror in the “old” liberated districts during the final phase of the struggle with Chiang Kai-shek, the absolutely ridiculously marked “land reform”.

Potatoes in the arid zone of southern Russia are grown only under irrigation, using mainly the ridge technology recommended by regional scientific institutions. Greater compaction of heavy loamy light chestnut soils by irrigation requires additional loosening. Cultivating potatoes in beds formed from two paired ridges can increase crop productivity (number and size of tubers) due to the formation of a large tuber nest. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019 in the conditions of the Lower Volga region in order to determine the effect of hilling in ridges and ridges with three common irrigation methods (sprinkling: control, furrow, and drip irrigation) on potato productivity and the efficiency of irrigation water use. Hilling potatoes in beds made it possible to significantly increase its yield compared to hilling in ridges by 2.5–3.9 t/ha. The maximum harvest of tubers, 57.4 t/ha, was observed with a combination of hilling in beds and drip irrigation, which exceeds the harvest when hilling in ridges by 2.5 t/ha and the control option by 28.1 t/ha. Water was supplied to the plants through a drip irrigation system (DIS) at lower irrigation rates. They decreased from 3900 m3/ha with sprinkling (control) to 3210 m3/ha with DIS with hilling in ridges and 3030 m3/ha with hilling in beds. However, it led to an increase in the number of irrigations on average over the years from 6.3–9.3 times with sprinkling and furrow irrigation to 23.3–24.7 times during the growing season of the crop with DIS. The use of drip irrigation and planting potatoes in beds ensured the greatest efficiency in the use of irrigation water: the water consumption coefficient was 104.0 m3/t, which is 51% lower than the same coefficient with sprinkling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high flux neutron source based on a vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator (VITA) and a lithium target has been proposed and developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. We describe VITA which provides a dc proton/deuteron beam with an energy within a range of 0.6–2.3 MeV with a current from 1 nA to 10 mA. VITA is also capable of producing α-particles through the 7Li(p,α)α and 11B(p,α) α α reactions, 478 keV photons through the 7Li(p,p ′ γ)7Li reaction and positrons through the 19F(p,e+e−)16O reaction. We present several applications of this source: boron neutron capture therapy, nuclear cross sections determination, lithium target study, radiation blistering of metals during proton implantation and the radiation testing of promising materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stationary heat and mass transfer in a cylindrical evaporator of a loop heat pipe with a thermal interface in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and a heat source located at one of its large surfaces is considered. Numerical simulation of thermal processes in the system under consideration at various heat fluxes is carried out. Data on the temperature distribution in the evaporator and the thermal interface are obtained. The temperature nonuniformity at the heating surface of the interface and the evaporation intensity of a working fluid into the vapor removal channels of the evaporator is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the 2020 subject/author index for this publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An author index for the June 2, 2015 issue of "European Journal of Neurology" is presented.

A subject index for the May 2014 issue of "European Journal of Neurology" is presented.