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Objective To establish a mouse model of pregnancy pain-depression comorbidity induced by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and formalin, and to systematically evaluate the associated phenotypes and preliminarily explore the pathological basis of the comorbidity. Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were randomly strarified divided into a control group (no intervention before pregnancy) and a CUS model group (CUS intervention before pregnancy) based on sucrose preference test (SPT) data. After completing the CUS treatment, female and male mice were paired and mated. Pain was induced by injecting 50% CFA and 5% formalin in the right hind foot during pregnancy to create a model of pregnancy pain-depression comorbidity. The experiment was divided into 8 subgroups: control-blank group, CUS-blank group, control-CFA group, CUS-CFA group, controlformalin group, CUS-formalin group, control-CFA+formalin group, and CUS-CFA+formalin group, with 10 mice in each group. The mice in each group were subject to behavioral tests, including the SPT, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and open field test before and after CUS intervention, during pregnancy, and after delivery. Pain sensitivity changes were measured using mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia tests. Mice were then euthanized. Levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in hippocampus, as well as cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in serum, were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with the control-blank group, the CUS-blank group showed a significant depression-like behavior with reduced pain threshold (P< 0.001). The control-CFA+formalin group showed a decrease in pain threshold after both CFA injection and formalin injection (P<0.01). Compared with the control-blank and control-formalin groups, the pain threshold was significantly lower in the CUS-formalin group (P<0.01), with a sequential decrease among the three. Compared with the control-blank and control-CFA groups, the pain threshold was significantly lower in the CUS-CFA group (P<0.001), with a sequential decrease among the three. Compared with the controlblank and control-CFA+formalin groups, the mechanical pain threshold of mice in the CUS-CFA+formalin group was significantly lower (P<0.001) and the thermal radiation tolerance time was shorter (P<0.01), both with sequential decreases among the three. Compared with the control-CFA+formalin and the CUS-blank groups, the CUS-CFA+formalin group had a significantly lower percentage of sucrose preference (P<0.001), longer immobility time during the forced swimming test (P<0.001) and tail suspension test (P<0.001), reduced central exploration time in the open field test (P<0.001), reduced total exploration distance (P< 0.001), and reduced percentage of distance traveled for central exploration (P<0.001). Compared with the control-CFA+formalin and CUS-blank groups, the serum cortisol and ACTH levels of the CUS-CFA+formalin group were significantly higher (P<0.01), and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the hippocampus were higher (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of CUS+CFA+formalin injections is an ideal method for establishing a C57BL/6J mouse model of pregnancy pain-depression comorbidity. The behavioral changes in model mice may be attributed to the regulation of inflammatory response in hippocampus and hormone levels in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective：The current study intended to examine the antinociceptive effect of growth differentiation factor 15（GDF⁃15） and to elucidate its possible mechanism of action. Methods：Mice formalin⁃induced pain model with intrathecal administration of GDF ⁃ 15（50 ng）and intraperitoneal administration of GDF ⁃ 15（10，30，100 μg/kg）was used in this study to examine the antinociceptive effect of GDF⁃15. The expression of glial cell⁃line derived neurotrophic factor receptor alpha⁃like（GFRAL）which is considered to be the specific receptor of GDF ⁃15 was assessed using Western blot and immunofluorescence techniques. The expression of interleukin （IL）⁃6，IL⁃1β，tumor necrosis factor（TNF）⁃α，prodynorphin（PDYN）and proenkephalin（PENK）in the formalin micespinal cords was also evaluated. Results：Intrathecal administration of GDF ⁃15（50 ng）showed a significant antinociceptive effect informalin⁃induced tonic pain（P＜0.05）but not in formalin⁃induced acute pain. Intraperitoneal administration of GDF⁃15（10，30，100 μg/kg）produced a dose ⁃ dependent antinociceptive effect in mice formalin ⁃induced tonic pain. GFRAL was expressed in brain，cerebellum and spinal cord，and only in neurons of the spinal cord dorsal horn. Moreover，intrathecal injection of GDF ⁃15 inhibited the expression of pro ⁃ inflammatory mediators IL ⁃6（P＜0.05）and TNF ⁃α（P＜0.05）in the spinal cord of formalin mice. Conclusion：GDF ⁃15 exhibits a significant antinociceptive effect in formalin ⁃induced inflammatory hyperalgesia and its possible mechanism may be by reducing the expression of pro⁃inflammatory factors IL⁃6 and TNF⁃α. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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通过4根传统风格建筑方钢管混凝土(concrete filled steel tube,CFST)-圆钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)混合柱的低周往复加载试验,分析了传统风格建筑CFST-RC混合柱的破坏形态及侧向变形分布,根据CFST-RC混合柱的简化力学模型,给出了试件的弹性侧移刚度计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。通过Abaqus有限元参数分析,得到了钢管屈服强度、混凝土强度、纵筋配筋率、上下柱线刚度比及轴压比对CFST-RC混合柱延性的影响规律。结果表明:随着钢管屈服强度、混凝土强度、纵筋配筋率的提高,传统风格建筑CFST-RC混合柱的水平承载力提高,延性降低;在一定范围内,增大上、下柱线刚度比能够提高CFSTRC混合柱的延性,但上、下柱线刚度比过大,CFST-RC混合柱的延性反而降低;随着轴压比的增大,CFSTRC混合柱的水平承载力及延性降低。

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At present, the state has issued a series of policies to encourage and support migrant workers to return to their hometowns to find jobs or start businesses. The situation of migrant workers returning to their hometowns for employment and entrepreneurship is improving, but there are still many problems. Based on 56 questionnaires collected from 9 cities in Hebei Province in July 2021, this paper analyzes the basic situation and employment situation of returnees, and explores their employment choices and influencing factors after returning to their hometowns. The study finds that the returnees are mostly engaged in agriculture, service industry and manufacturing, and their employment and entrepreneurship choices are mostly influenced by migrant work experience. Their human capital, family factors, capital constraints, and policy support for entrepreneurship and employment also affect their choice of entrepreneurship and employment. According to the research results, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to promote the employment and entrepreneurship of returnees, such as increasing skills training, developing rural industries, lowering the financing threshold and increasing policy support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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针对无人机组网通信的需求,利用MIMO（多输入多输出）技术可以获得分集增益、提高通信质量的优势,构建了一个无人机协作通信系统模型。提出了一种解决MIMO协作传输的组簇算法,对通信传输过程的信干噪比情况进行了理论分析,得知协作传输相比单节点传输可以有效提高信干噪比。在构建的模型下进行了仿真,验证了分析结果的正确性。同时对组簇算法中嵌入的同步技术进行了仿真,可以有效地解决码间串扰问题。

针对Ad Hoc网络中的节点位置估计和路由控制问题,在基于OLSR（最优链路状态路由）协议的基础上提出了一种能够同时实现路由和定位的综合协议OLSR-P（最优链路状态路由和定位）。该协议对OLSR协议进行了改进,能够将路由开销和定位有效结合,并对数据包结构进行改良,利用原协议的路由开销实现定位。仿真实验结果表明:OLSR-P协议不仅能够同时实现路由和定位,还能有效地控制开销。

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