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Background: skin cancer has a high incidence, with an upward trend worldwide. These carcinomas are preventable both by lifestyle changes and by detecting lesions indicative of malignant transformation.Objective: to determine the risk factors for skin cancer in the population of office number 4 of the Delicias Health Area.Method: an epidemiological, observational, analytical study of cases and controls was carried out in the period 2017-2021. The study population consisted of 13 patients (case group) and 26 patients (control group), for a total of 39 cases included, all over 15 years of age. The variables were studied: age, sex, skin color, occupation, time of exposure to the sun, means of protection, contact with chemical substances. The information was obtained from the medical records and a questionnaire, it was analyzed through the percentage calculation, the Chi2 and the odd ratio.Results: participants older than 55 years (38.5 %), male sex (69.2 %) predominated. They had a higher risk of skin cancer: those with white skin color (Chi2: 3.3; OR: 6.4; pConclusions: those over 55 years of age and men predominated, a statistical and causal association was demonstrated between skin cancer and the risk factors studied.

Introduction: The increasing incidence of skin cancer leads to a high number of surgical procedures worldwide. The surgical treatment of skin cancer's main objective is its complete excision, preserving the function and the best aesthetic result. Incomplete initial resection can result in recurrences and major damage. The objective is to analyze the risk factors for positive margins in the follow-up of cutaneous lesions surgically removed, for one year, in the plastic surgery department of the Royal Perth Hospital. Methods: A survey of histopathological samples from 947 operated patients was analyzed. All patients with confirmed incomplete excision (IE) underwent a second surgery or even a third time. Results: In total, 947 lesions were found, 6.6% of surgeries had compromised margins, with a histopathological distribution of 75% of basal cell carcinoma, 21.4% of squamous cell carcinoma, and 3.6% of other lesions. The relation of the presence of compromised surgical margins between the SCC, compared to BCC, leads to a relative risk of 2.8 and a p-value of 0.041, which suggests that the SCC is a risk factor for the presence of compromised surgical margins. For staging, the need for a second surgical approach was present in 61.29% of the patients, 20.9% were under observation, 3.2% were absent from the service, 8% went directly to chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and 6.4% rescheduled the surgery. Conclusion: Knowledge of risk factors for positive margins is necessary for the surgeon to understand the prognosis and monitoring of each patient.

"Non-melanoma" skin cancer is the most common neoplasm worldwide. It is noteworthy that skin cancer is on the rise around the world and symbolizes high social and financial costs for society, as well as for the health system. However, it is a preventable disease. It is believed that academics in the health area should be proactive agents in primary health care activities, including practices for the prevention of skin cancer. For this, it is necessary that the academic is updated with the protocols regarding this topic. The objective of this work is to evaluate the knowledge of academics in the health area regarding the use of photoprotection and the risk factors for skin cancer. The study population was predominantly composed of young students, with a mean age of 22 years, female, with fair skin and dark hair and eyes. The research revealed discrepancies between knowledge and practice of photoprotective measures in the daily lives of these students. However, the results obtained bring benefits, revealing the critical-reflexive need for the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FUNDAMENTOS: O câncer da pele é a neoplasia mais frequente no Brasil. Compreender as atitudes que influenciam a proteção e a exposição aos raios solares é extremamente importante para sua prevenção. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar hábitos de fotoexposição e fotoproteção, bem como conhecimento de fatores de risco para câncer da pele, tendo por fim delinear os padrões de comportamento dos jovens perante os efeitos solares. MÉTODOS: Distribuíram-se questionários autoaplicativos a 368 universitários, na faixa etária dos 20 anos, dos cursos de Medicina, Educação Física, Direito e Comunicação Social de instituição de ensino privada em Taguatinga (DF). RESULTADOS: O uso diário de fotoprotetor foi significativamente maior entre as mulheres. A prática de bronzeamento artificial foi baixa (3,5%), referida apenas por mulheres. O uso de filtro solar com fator de proteção maior do que 15 ou igual a 15 foi referido por 278 estudantes. De modo geral, mais de 90% dos estudantes acreditam na associação entre radiação ultravioleta e câncer da pele. Apesar disso, apenas 43,5% acreditam na genética como fator de risco. Entre os que rejeitam a hipótese do fator de risco genético para carcinogênese cutânea, 86,2% são acadêmicos das Ciências Humanas (Direito e Comunicação Social). CONCLUSÃO: Esses dados permitem orientar medidas nos níveis individual e coletivo, colaborando para a prevenção de lesões cutâneas.BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most common neoplasm in Brazil. It is extremely important to understand the attitudes that influence protection from and exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays in order to prevent this clinical condition. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate photoexposure and photoprotection habits and knowledge of risk factors for skin cancer, with the purpose of describing behavioral patterns of university students in relation to the effects of the sun. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 368 students, aged 20-29 years, from courses in the areas of Medicine, Physical Education, Law and Social Communication, in a private education institution in Taguatinga-DF.. RESULTS: The daily use of photoprotector was significantly higher among women. The use of tanning beds was low (3.5%), and was mentioned only by women. The application of sunscreen with sun protection factor (SPF) equal to or greater than 15 was reported by 278 students. In general, over 90% of the students believe in the association between ultraviolet radiation and skin cancer. Nevertheless, only 43.5% believe in genetics as a risk factor. Among those who reject genetics as a risk factor for skin cancer, 86.2% are Human Sciences students (Law and Social Communication). CONCLUSION: Results may help the establishment of individual and collective preventive measures, helping to avoid skin lesions.

A retrospective analysis on 587 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) assessed risk factors for skin cancer and the influence of skin cancers on survival and incidence of solid tumors (STs). Patients underwent skin surveillance and were followed for a median of 6.65 years. The relative risk for skin cancer increased prior to CLL diagnosis rising 4-fold one-year post-diagnosis. Independent predictors for skin cancer were male gender (p =.0001), age ≥70 years (p =.0036) and prior chemotherapy (p =.0116). There was no increase in mortality from skin cancer and neither skin cancer nor chemotherapy increased the risk for a ST. The development of a ST was an independent predictor of survival (p <.0001) and 43% of deaths were related to STs. Thus, regular skin surveillance can prevent increased mortality from skin cancer, but not STs, in CLL. Close skin monitoring is required for elderly males who received chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Considering the increasing incidence of skin cancers in patients after renal transplantation, evaluation of skin condition in dialysis patients, from whom kidney transplant recipients are recruited, appears to be very important. Particular importance is attached to the identification of such dialysis patients in the population who require dermatologic care before qualifying for transplantation. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of skin diseases in the dialysis patient population. Education of the patients regarding risk factors for skin cancer and the need for sun protection was performed. Methods Full dermatologic examination, including dermatoscopy, was performed on a group of 77 dialysis patients (38 women, 39 men) and a control group of 77 healthy people (60 women, 17 men). Results Eight hemodialysis patients had healthy skin compared with 33 people from the control group. In the remaining hemodialysis patients, the following skin lesions were observed: 1) inflammatory and allergic skin disorders in 17 patients; 2) bacterial, fungal, and viral infections in 26 patients; 3) benign lesions in 39 patients; 4) malignant skin lesions and precancerous conditions in 4 patients; and 5) other skin changes in 63 patients. Conclusions Skin lesions are common in the dialysis patient population. Only 10% of the examined population had completely healthy skin, compared with 43% of the control group. More than one-half of dialysis patients required dermatologic care compared with one-third of healthy control subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study to examine the relationship between sun exposure, other potential risk factors, and risk of different skin cancers including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma. Topics discussed include constitutional risk factors of skin cancer including family history, red hair color, and melanocytic nevi, calculation of body mass index for the study, and potential risk factors for melanoma including alcohol intake, and physical activity.

Introduction: In most countries with a population of mainly European origin, non-melanoma skin carcinoma incidence rate has increased over the last decade. Understanding of what is the best way to identify people at high risk for skin cancer development will help to optimize the strategy for prevention and treatment tactics. Aim of the research involves studying risk factors for skin cancer development in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in situ (cSCC and SCCis correspondingly) and patients with actinic keratosis (AK)., Materials and Methods: we conducted a survey of patients with cSCC, SCCis and AK who had been under case follow-up at the State Scientific Institution "Scientific and Practical Centre of Preventive and Clinical Medicine" of the State Administration (hereinafter SIS) during 2014-2016.Clinical diagnosis in 100% of cases was confirmed by pathomorphological study. Statistical processing of the obtained data was performed using STATISTICA 7.0 programme., Results: The questionnaire involved 129 patients, including 21(16.3%) patient with cSCC, 40 (31%) patients with SCCis, 57 (44.2%) patients with AK and 11 (8.5%) patients who had mentioned above combined pathology i.e. cSCC, SCCis and АК at the same time. Only two studied risk factors for skin cancer development were found to have influence on the skin pathology: "Not using sun-protection preparation for the skin" and "Burdened family history of thefirst level of relationship"., Conclusions: In forming the risk groups for skin cancer development it is advisable to consider burdened family history and using sun-protection preparation for the skin.

Melanoma represents ~5% of all cutaneous malignancies, yet accounts for the majority of skin cancer deaths due to its propensity to metastasise. To develop new therapies, novel target molecules must to be identified and the accessibility of cell surface proteins makes them attractive targets. Using CRISPR activation technology, we screened a library of guide RNAs targeting membrane protein-encoding genes to identify cell surface molecules whose upregulation enhances the metastatic pulmonary colonisation capabilities of tumour cells in vivo. We show that upregulated expression of the cell surface protein LRRN4CL led to increased pulmonary metastases in mice. Critically, LRRN4CL expression was elevated in melanoma patient samples, with high expression levels correlating with decreased survival. Collectively, our findings uncover an unappreciated role for LRRN4CL in the outcome of melanoma patients and identifies a potential therapeutic target and biomarker. Louise van der Weyden et al. report a CRISPRa screen in mice to identify membrane protein-encoding genes that, when overexpressed, enhance the metastatic potential of melanoma cells. They find that high expression of LRRN4CL in melanoma cells increases lung metastases in mice and correlates with poorer survival in melanoma patients, suggesting it could be a promising drug target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accumulation of somatic mutations contributes to ageing and cancer. Sunlight is the principal aetiological factor associated with skin cancer development. However, genetic and phenotypic factors also contribute to skin cancer risk. This study aimed at exploring the role of photoaging, as well as other well-known epidemiological risk factors, in the accumulation of somatic mutations in cancer-free human epidermis. We deeply sequenced 46 genes in normal skin biopsies from 123 healthy donors, from which phenotypic data (including age, pigmentation-related genotype and phenotype) and sun exposure habits were collected. We determined the somatic mutational burden, mutational signatures, clonal selection and frequency of driver mutations in all samples. Our results reveal an exponential accumulation of UV-related somatic mutations with age, matching skin cancer incidence. The increase of mutational burden is in turn modified by an individual's skin phototype. Somatic mutations preferentially accumulated in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma cancer genes and clonally expanded with age, with distinct mutational processes underpinning different age groups. Our results suggest a loss of fidelity in transcription-coupled repair later in life. Our findings reveal that ageing is not only associated with an exponential increase in the number of somatic mutations accumulated in normal epidermis, but also with selection and expansion of cancer-associated mutations. Aged, sun-exposed normal skin is thus an extended mosaic of multiple clones with driver mutations, poised for the acquisition of transforming events. • As skin cancer incidence increases, UV-related somatic mutations accumulate exponentially with increasing age in normal epidermis. • UV-related mutations do not only accumulate with age, but also repair processes are less efficient in elderly individuals. • Apart from age, an individual's skin phototype is key in the build-up of somatic mutations in healthy skin. • Distinct mutational processes may operate in different age groups. • Ageing is associated with positive selection and expansion of clones with cancer mutations in sun-exposed normal skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin cancer attributed to sunlight exposure has an increasing trend worldwide, resulting in increased problems for healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the health safety practices of high school students in Saveh, Iran according to a sun protection guideline produced locally for Iran.Method: This cross-sectional study was done in 31 government and private high schools of Saveh, a central city of Iran. A sun protection questionnaire was designed in accordance with Iran sun protection guideline which has been developed based on the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. The questionnaire consists of four sections of demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and protection behavior. A total of 504 students were selected by simple random sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior of the participants.Results: The mean score of the students' knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding harmfulness of ultraviolet radiation was 50.79 ± 14.64, 60.41 ± 15.04, and 45 ± 11.59, respectively. A significant association was observed between attitude and knowledge, behavior and knowledge as well as attitude. There was a significant correlation between sex and protective behaviors, sex and knowledge (p ≤ 0.001), and education level and knowledge (p = 0.002).Conclusion: students who protected themselves from sunlight less than others believed that their protection level was adequate. Health concerns related to sun exposure suggest the need for increasing the student's awareness in sun protection area. As behavior is influenced by cultural aspects, implementation of the current guideline can be effective in reducing the health effects of sun exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin cancer is the second most common complication of organ transplantation in children. The frequency of skin cancer incidence after organ transplantation is different in paediatric and adult populations. The post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease is the most common group of malignancies after organ transplantation in paediatric population. The majority of researchers who examined children with kidney, liver, heart or lungs grafts observed that the risk of skin cancer was three times higher than in the general population whereas in adults even 200 times higher. The occurrence of skin cancer in children after transplantation is extremely rare during childhood. The risk increases in early adulthood. Malignancies occurring after solid organ transplantation result from many different factors. These include the immunological condition of the child, dose and time of immunosuppression, and oncogenic viruses. The increased risk of skin cancer following paediatric transplantation requires prevention and adequate education of children and their parents. These involve avoiding sun exposure and protection such as sunscreens and protective clothing. The early detection of cancer in transplant recipients is very important. Prevention of cancer includes regular dermatological examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Painful sunburns at any age are one of the main risk factors for skin cancer. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and predictors of sunburn among beachgoers. Methods: A cross‐sectional health survey was conducted at the beach during the summer. Adults >18 years with an understanding of Spanish were interviewed using a questionnaire about behaviours, attitudes and knowledge related to sun exposure at the beach. A descriptive analysis was performed, and a log‐binomial regression model was used to determine predictors of sunburn. Results: The survey was completed by 1054 beachgoers, with a mean age of 43.8 (SD: 18.7) years, 61.2% women, skin phototypes i (13.6%), ii (22.3%), iii (34.0%) and iv (30.2%). 46.9% of responders reported at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. Age, sex, education, skin phototype, midday sun exposure, sun protection habits, attitudes towards tanning and knowledge about skin cancer were identified as independent predictors of sunburn. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop photoprotection campaigns aimed at beachgoers, particularly in young people, men, those with skin phototypes I‐III and secondary or university education. Educational strategies should be aimed at discouraging sun exposure at midday, changing attitudes towards tanning and improving knowledge about skin cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few prospective studies have examined the relationship between sun exposure, other potential risk factors, and risk of different skin cancers [including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and melanoma] simultaneously., Methods: We evaluated the association between a number of potential risk factors and skin cancer risk in a cohort of 108,916 US women, the Nurses' Health Study II (1989-2009)., Results: During 2.05 million years of follow-up, we identified 6,955, 880, and 779 diagnoses of BCC, SCC, and melanoma, respectively. Compared with participants in the lowest quintile of cumulative ultraviolet flux in adulthood, participants in the highest quintile had multivariable-adjusted relative risks (RR) of 2.35 (Ptrend < 0.0001) for BCC, 2.53 (Ptrend = 0.009) for SCC, and 0.68 (Ptrend = 0.38) for melanoma. In contrast, the RRs were 1.68 (95% CI, 1.55-1.82) for BCC, 1.68 (95% CI, 1.34-2.11) for SCC, and 1.80 (95% CI, 1.42-2.28) for melanoma for participants with ≥5 blistering sunburns when compared with participants without sunburn between ages 15 and 20 years. We found significant interactions between family history of melanoma, number of blistering sunburns between ages 15 and 20 years and BCC risk, and between sunburn reaction as a child/adolescent and SCC risk (all Pinteraction < 0.05)., Conclusion: In a cohort of U.S. women, we found that sun exposures in both early life and adulthood were predictive of BCC and SCC risks, whereas melanoma risk was predominantly associated with sun exposure in early life., Impact: Our results may have potential implications for the prevention of skin cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(6); 1080-9. ©2014 AACR., (©2014 American Association for Cancer Research.)