Are All Dads Equal? Biology Versus Marriage as a Basis for Paternal Investment.

Using three different theoretical perspectives, examines the engagement, availability, participation, and warmth of residential fathers in married biological parent, unmarried biological parent, married stepparent, and cohabiting father families. Biology explains less of father involvement than anticipated once differences between fathers are controlled. Marriage continues to differentiate paternal investment levels, as do age of child and financial responsibility to nonresidential children. (Contains 60 references and 7 tables.) (GCP)