Forty Years Later: Long-Term Consequences of Massive Traumatization as Manifested by Holocaust Survivors from the City and the Kibbutz.

Compared Holocaust survivors (N=34) and controls (N=34) who lived in city or on kibbutz. Survivors were worse off psychologically than controls on quality of emotional life, emotional expression, and quality of interpersonal relationships. Survivors assigned relatively greater value to postwar families. City survivors seemed worse off than kibbutz survivors; urban males had lowest scores on several key subscales. (Author/NB)