The Theory of Independent-Mindedness: Three Decades of Research on Organizational Communication Effectiveness

The purpose of this article is to review over three decades of research supporting the organizational communication management theory known as the Theory of Independent-Mindedness. The theory is especially productive in assessing superior-subordinate communication for organizations located within individualistic cultures. The article synthesizes extant research on the Theory of Independent-Mindedness. The research reviewed in this article provides empirical support for the theory's premises in that cultural congruity must be present between the macro-culture (larger culture within which the organization operates) and the micro-culture (the culture developed within the specific organization). Several studies clearly indicate that independent-minded employees report being more satisfied and committed to their organization, and advocate communication skills training for organizational members at all levels.