Conceptualisations of Neurodiversity and Barriers to Inclusive Pedagogy in Schools: A Perspective Article

Teachers agree on the pivotal role of inclusion for social justice, but reductive conceptualisations of neurodiversity as akin to deficit or impairment inhibit the capacity or willingness of teachers to adapt pedagogical strategies to meet diverse student needs. Existing research underscores the association between positive attitudes towards inclusion and effective inclusive practice. Less research focuses on ideological assumptions held by teachers arising from their own experiential narratives or engagement with theories underpinning social equity and neurodiversity as accepted facets of mainstream education. Several factors may influence teacher conceptualisations. Regulatory frameworks for teacher training and development can foster the internalisation of technicist approaches to teaching that are less personalised and responsive to a broad range of pupil needs. Explicit reflection on beliefs, goals and self-perceptions pertaining to teaching practice can broaden conceptualisations and galvanise change, but these aspects are frequently overlooked within teacher education programmes. Further research is needed to increase our understanding of prevailing conceptions and misconceptions of neurodiversity within the education landscape. By challenging societal assumptions of 'normalcy', future research should provide conceptual and pedagogical tools to advance understanding of the barriers to inclusive practice in schools and increase teachers' capacity to embrace a more inclusive pedagogical approach.