Reducing Restrictive Measures in Complex Long-Term Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities: Implementation Interventions through the Lens of Normalisation Process Theory

Background: The multi-disciplinarity of long-term care for people with intellectual disabilities makes organisations seek stability and predictability, complicating implementing innovations. Interventions to implement a method for reducing restrictive measures were analysed through the lens of Normalisation Process Theory to understand the social mechanisms at play. Methods: Process notes, collected during a trial in which a method to reduce restrictive measures was implemented, were analysed guided by implementation interventions defined by Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Review Group. These interventions were mapped to social mechanisms of Normalisation Process Theory. Results: Implementation interventions were widely used in which clients' perspectives were expressed (client-related-interventions), and consensus processes were held with care professionals. These interventions initiated NPT's social mechanisms' Coherence, Cognitive Participation and Collective Action. Conclusions: The emphasis on consensus and clients' perspectives when methodically reducing restrictive measures reflects some unique implementation challenges in long-term intellectual disability care.