Cultural Intelligence Development during Short-Term Study Abroad Programmes: The Role of Cultural Distance and Prior International Experience

Cultural intelligence (CQ) is critical to students' academic and career success. Drawing on experiential learning theory, the current study investigates the extent to which students' prior international experience and short-term study abroad destinations foster the development of their CQ. We examined the learning of 121 undergraduate students participating in two-week global business immersion programmes in four different locations (Russia, the UAE, the United States and Vietnam). Survey data collected pre- and post-immersion show these short-term study abroad programmes serve as a cultural eye-opener for students with low international experience and contribute to fostering a significant level of CQ development in culturally close countries. Our study uncovers a cultural distance paradox, suggesting that programme destinations with similar cultures to the students' home cultures facilitate a higher increase in the development of students' cultural intelligence. The study provides important implications for higher education institutions in the design and development of short-term study abroad programmes as an affordable, fast-growing and effective format for student mobility.