Morphological Characteristics of Placental Complex in Pregnant Women without Complications in Pregnancy and in the Presence of Severe Preeclampsia

According to the WHO data, preeclampsia develops during late pregnancy in 2-8% of women. Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, therefore, the study of the morphological features of placental complex, taking into account gestational complications in postpartum women with severe preeclampsia is an important factor for finding the optimal treatment during pregnancy. The study was conducted on a placental complex (placenta, umbilical cord, fetal membranes) obtained from 24 pregnant women (10 pregnancies without complications, 14 with severe preeclampsia) of the first maternity home in Aktobe city. Paraffin histological sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and by using Van Gieson's stain. In the presence of severe preeclampsia, villi walls of separate blood vessels are sclerotic; sometimes vessels are dilated and filled with blood. Areas of eosinophilic accretions on the surface of the chorionic plate increased significantly, up to 15,9 ± 0,6%, areas of Langhans fibrinoid contacting terminal villi--up to 15,3 ± 1,2%. Rohr area on the basal lamina increased up to 21,1 ± 1,1%, along with increase in the number and area of decidual cells--up to 11,3 ± 1,14%. There was an increase in the number and area of terminal villi, up to 4,6 ± 0,45%. Arterial blood vessels of the umbilical cord lost annular invagination rolls into the lumen of the vessel. The study showed consolidation and infiltration of cellular elements of the fetal membranes. In response to strengthening of the destructive processes (inflammation, apoptosis), one could observe more pronounced compensatory and adaptive processes in the form of strengthening fibrinoid barriers aimed at eliminating defects of the fetoplacental barrier and at increasing the number of terminal villi, in the development of placental insufficiency.