Learner Decisions and Information Requirements in Computer-Based Instruction.

The purpose of this paper is to consider different kinds of actions learners may take during computer assisted instruction (CAI), and to examine the kind of information they need in order to exercise control over the instruction, i.e., information about their performance level, the organization of the content, the choices available to them and the consequences of making those choices, and what they are required to know. Techniques described for providing such information include: (1) content maps, so that learners can navigate their way through content sequence; (2) computer graphics that depict achievement of outcomes; (3) clocks that portray the amount of time spent; and (4) text that conveys the degree of mastery. Other techniques used govern non-content based information, such as switching menus or exiting the program, and dictate the type of feedback the learner will receive. Hypermedia programs are used to illustrate how this information can be communicated to learners to promote intelligent and effective learner control in CAI. It is noted that some learner controlled instruction has the potential to lose learners in too much detail and too many layers. Thus, course organization and programming must be constructed with the learner's information needs in mind. (7 references) (DB)