Investigations in Science Education. Volume 14, Number 4, 1988.

This volume includes abstracts and abstractors' critiques of 15 published research reports related to elementary, secondary and college science teaching and learning. Topics include: (1) assessing attitudes toward energy conservation; (2) persuasive communications; (3) questioning techniques; (4) teachers' verbal exposition on student participation in biology classes; (5) verbal behaviors; (6) cognitive skills; (7) reading micrographs; (8) writing assignments in general chemistry; (9) prelaboratory procedures in chemistry; (10) short courses in science; (11) wait time; (12) science teaching learning attributes of students; (13) classroom evaluation materials; (14) teaching energy concepts; and (15) children's understandings of cause and effect relationships. The responses of three authors to the critiques of their research are reported. (CW)