Conceptual Strategies for Utilizing Research and Development Products in Education. Occasional Paper No. 2.

The effective utilization of research and development products ranks as one of the top priorities in American public education. The document contains two concept papers by recognized authorities on knowledge utilization activities: A Diffusion Mechanism for the Center for Vocational and Technical Education, Egon G. Guba; and Alternative Diffusion Strategies, Henry M. Brickell. The first paper begins with a review of diffusion models: considers six tactics including telling, showing, helping, involving, training, and intervening; and offers an explication of a diffusion program for the Center as its major thrust. Advocated within the program as mechanisms for effective diffusion are: (1) a distributor relations division; (2) a warranty division; (3) a training division; (4) a promotions division; and (5) a market studies division. Each division's functions are outlined and evaluation criteria are reviewed. The second paper considers 10 images of the practitioner (regarding educators as adopters of innovations); implications of these images for diffusion; characteristics of the adoption setting; characteristics of the innovation, with a summary of desirable characteristics; and diffusion tactics. This paper concludes with alternative diffusion strategies describing sample case strategies for the adoption of an innovation in an educational setting. (NH)