Histopathological Evaluation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Granola Potato Peel Ethanol Extract in Rat Oral Mucosa

Astrid Widhowaty Santoso,1,* Eri Amalia,2,* Kartika Indah Sari,3 Veni Takarini,4 Irna Sufiawati5,* 1Oral Medicine Residency Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 3Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Department of Dental Material Science and Technology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 5Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Irna Sufiawati, Department of Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jalan Sekeloa No. 1, Bandung, West Java, 40132, Indonesia, Tel +62-22-2504985, Email irna.sufiawati@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Oral mucosal wounds present significant clinical challenges due to their susceptibility to infection, inflammation, and delayed healing. The limitation of standard anti-inflammatory drugs (both steroidal and non-steroidal) highlights the urgent need for plant-derived alternative therapies. Granola potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) from Pangalengan, West Java, Indonesia, has shown promise due to its bioactive compounds. However, its potential for wound healing and anti-inflammatory effects, specifically for oral mucosal wounds, remains largely unexplored.Purpose: To evaluate the wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity of Granola potato peel ethanol extract (GPPEE) on the oral mucosa of Wistar rats based on histopathological analysis.Materials and Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were wounded on the palatal mucosa using a 4 mm punch biopsy and subsequently divided into four groups: placebo gel, 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment (TCA), 4% GPPEE gel, and 6% GPPEE gel. The rats were euthanized on days 0, 1, 3, 7, and 14. Histopatholo