Digital twins for offshore wind turbine industry

[ES] Este trabajo trata el estado del arte y el concepto de gemelos digitales y cómo podría aplicarse a la industria de la energía eólica offshore. Empieza con una definición de la tecnología y analiza cómo funciona el gemelo digital, cómo conecta la realidad física con el mundo virtual y cuáles son los componentes clave de esta tecnología. Luego, se analizan las necesidades actuales de la industria de energía eólica offshore: se abordará cómo se usan con el diseño, la instalación, el mantenimiento y la seguridad de los trabajadores, se discutirá también la ventaja de la sostenibilidad. Posteriormente se abordarán los problemas actuales por lo que los gemelos digitales aún no están lo suficientemente desarrollados: altos costos, necesidad de modelos precisos, estandarización y política de datos se incluirán en este documento. Finalmente, se tomará un vistazo a las direcciones futuras de la industria, incluida la clasificación de los gemelos en diferentes niveles.
[EN] In recent years, the rapid development of the industry has created a clear need for increasing amounts of energy. As a consequence, the search for green energy sources has become more prevalent in all fields of research. One example that has recently gained significant attention is wind turbines, and due to the lack of space and land, offshore wind turbines. However, this type of energy technology currently presents significant challenges, such as its hostile location and high costs. Therefore, this work proposes the implementation of DTs (DT) as a solution. This paper addresses the state of the art and the concept of DTs, as well as how they could be applied to the offshore wind energy industry. It begins with a definition of the technology and analyzes how the DT works, how it connects the physical reality with the virtual world, and what the key components of this technology are. Then, the current needs of the offshore wind energy industry are analyzed: how DTs are used in design, installation, maintenance, and worker safety, as well as the advantages of sustainability, will be discussed. Subsequently, the current problems that prevent DTs from being sufficiently developed will be addressed: high costs, the need for precise models, standardization, and data policy will be included in this document. Finally, future directions of the industry will be examined, including the classification of DTs at different levels