Fernando Távora: The Struggle from Português Suave to the Shifting Aesthetics of Resistance from 1923 to 1953. Ideology, Architectures, Periodicals, and the Role of Italy and CIAM from the First Salazar era to the Birth of the Third Way

This paper explores the pivotal transformations in postwar Portuguese architecture, tracing the oscillation between traditional styles and modernist influences from 1923 to 1953. During a period marked by ideological conflict and cultural reassessment, Portuguese architecture experienced a profound metamorphosis, mirroring the nation’s struggle between conservative nationalism and the burgeoning force of modernity. This study delves into the role of key figures such as Fernando Távora and the influence of international movements, notably from Italy and the CIAM, in shaping a new architectural ethos that navigated between heritage and innovation. Through a meticulous examination of architectural projects, periodicals (Arquitectura, Arquitectura portuguesa, Domus, Casabella), and ideological discourses, the paper illuminates how architects negotiated with political and cultural currents to forge the architectural language. A form characterized by its duality, attempted to reconcile the traditionalist values imposed by the Estado Novo regime with a modernist vision inspired by global trends. The transition from the “Português Suave” aesthetic to a more resistant form of modernism, underscored by a critique of superficial stylistic nationalism, encapsulates a broader narrative of resistance and adaptation. The findings underscore the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in understanding architectural evolution, revealing how shifts in political ideology, cultural identity, and international influences converge in the realm of architecture. The paper contributes to a deeper understanding on how the Portuguese architecture context surrounding Fernando Távora’s formative years not only reflected but also contested and reshaped the socio-political landscape of mid-20th century Portugal.