The Application Potential of the Regulation of Tregs Function by Irisin in the Prevention and Treatment of Immune-Related Diseases

Zhengjiang Wang,1,2,* Jiaqi Xu,1,2,* Liqun Mo,1 Renshu Zhan,1,2 Jin Zhang,3 Li Liu,1,2 Jun Jiang,4 Yingying Zhang,1,2 Yiping Bai1,2 1Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 2Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA; 4Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan Province, 646000, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yingying Zhang; Yiping Bai, Email yingyingzhang917@gmail.com; baiyiping0608@163.comAbstract: Irisin is a muscle factor induced by exercise, generated through the proteolytic cleavage of the membrane protein fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC-5). Numerous studies have shown that irisin plays a significant role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, inhibiting oxidative stress, reducing systemic inflammatory responses, and providing neuroprotection. Additionally, irisin can exert immunomodulatory functions by regulating regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are a highly differentiated subset of mature T cells that play a key role in maintaining self-immune homeostasis and are closely related to infections, inflammation, immune-related diseases, and tumors. Irisin exerts persistent positive effects on Treg cell functions through various mechanisms, including regulating Treg cell differentiation and proliferation, improving their function, modulating the balance of immune cells, increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, and enhancing metabolic functions, thereby helping to maintain immune homeostasis and prevent immune-related diseases