Advances in Blood Biomarkers for Alzheimer’s Disease: Ultra-Sensitive Detection Technologies and Impact on Clinical Diagnosis

Yi Zhang,1,* Kefan Bi,2,* Linfu Zhou,3 Jie Wang,2 Lingtong Huang,4 Yan Sun,5 Guoping Peng,5 Wei Wu2 1Department of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Biochemistry, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Critical Care Units, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wei Wu; Guoping Peng, Email zjuwuwei@zju.edu.cn; guopingpeng@zju.edu.cnAbstract: Alzheimer’s disease has escalated into a critical public health concern, marked by its neurodegenerative nature that progressively diminishes cognitive abilities. Recognized as a continuously advancing and presently incurable condition, AD underscores the necessity for early-stage diagnosis and interventions aimed at delaying the decline in mental function. Despite the proven efficacy of cerebrospinal fluid and positron emission tomography in diagnosing AD, their broader utility is constrained by significant costs and the invasive nature of these procedures. Consequently, the innovation of blood biomarkers such as Amyloid-beta, phosphorylated-tau, total-tau et al, distinguished by their high sensitivity, minimal invasiveness, accessibility, and cost-efficiency, emerges as a promising avenue for AD diagno