Thermal expansion and rattling behavior of Gd-filled Co_(4)Sb_(12) skutterudite determined by high-resolution synchrotron x-ray diffraction

© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI We thank the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for granting the project numbers: PID2021-122477OB-I00, TED2021-129254B-C22, and PRE2018-083398, funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”, by the “European Union”. Grants PIE: 2021-60-E-030 and PIE: 2010-6-OE-013 are also acknowledged.
In this work, Gd-filled skutterudite Gd_(x)Co_(4)Sb_(12) was prepared using one step method under high pressure in a piston-cylinder-based press at 3.5 GPa and moderate temperature of 800 degrees C. A detailed structural characterization was performed using synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD), revealing a filling fraction of x = 0.033(2) and an average bond length of 3.3499(3) angstrom. The lattice thermal expansion accessed via temperature-dependent SXRD led to a precise determination of a Debye temperature of 322(3) K, from the fitting of the unit-cell volume expansion using the second order Gruneisen approximation. This parameter, when evaluated through the mean square displacements of Co and Sb, displayed a value of 265(2) K, meaning that the application of the harmonic Debye theory underestimates the Debye temperature in skutterudites. Regarding the Gd atom, its intrinsic disorder value was similar to 5x and similar to 25x higher than those of the Co and Sb, respectively, denoting that Gd has a strong rattling behavior with an Einstein temperature of theta(E) = 67(2) K. As a result, an ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.89 W/m center dot K at 773 K was obtained, leading to a thermoelectric efficiency zT of 0.5 at 673 K.
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) /FEDER
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) /NextGenerationEU
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) /FSE
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)
Depto. de Física de Materiales
Fac. de Ciencias Físicas
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