Teachers matter in early childhood: The relation between teacher behaviours and executive function development in toddlerhood

The current study investigates the role of teacher behaviors in toddlers' executive function development. Teachers' (N = 215) emotional and behavioral support and instructional support were observed through classroom observations when children were 2 years old. Selective attention, verbal short-term memory, and visuospatial working memory of children (N = 876, 48.4% female) were assessed at age 2 (Mage = 28.60 months, SD = 2.83) and 3 (Mage = 42.38 months, SD = 2.47). Teachers' instructional support positively predicted growth in selective attention, but not verbal short-term memory or visuospatial working memory. Teachers' emotional and behavioral support did not predict the growth in executive function measures. Findings have implications for understanding the role of teacher-child interactions in executive function development in toddlerhood.