Relationship Between Temporomandibular Joint Effusion, Pain, and Jaw Function Limitation: A 2D and 3D Comparative Study

Sophie Lau Rui Han,1,&ast; Jie Xiang,1,&ast; Xiang-Xiang Zeng,2 Pei-Di Fan,1 Qiao-Yu Cheng,1 Xue-Man Zhou,1 Zheng Ye,2 Xin Xiong,1 Jun Wang1 1State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xin Xiong; Jun Wang, State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-28-85503898 ; +86-28-85501425, Email drxiongxin@scu.edu.cn; wangjunv@scu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between temporomandibular joint (TMJ) effusion and TMJ pain, as well as jaw function limitation in patients via two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation.Patients and Methods: 121 patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were included. TMJ effusion was assessed qualitatively using MRI and quantified with 3D Slicer software, then graded accordingly. In addition, a visual analogue scale (VAS) was employed for pain reporting and an 8-item Jaw Functional Limitations Scale (JFLS-8) was utilized to evaluate jaw function limitation. Statistical analyses were performed appropriately for group comparisons and association determination. A probability of p< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 2D qualitative and 3D quantitative strategies were in high agreement for TMJ effusion grades (κ = 0.766). No significant associations were found between joint effusion and TMJ pain, nor with disc displ