Initial therapeutic approaches for orofacial myofascial pain: three pilot studies

Objective: Myofascial pain diminishes the stomatognathic function and hinders clinical diagnosis. Therefore, initial pain reduction is crucial before definitive treatment. Here, the clinical validity of non-pharmaceutical therapies, including the Aqualizer® splint, physiotherapy, and dry-needle acupuncture was comparatively assessed. Methods: Myofascial pain patients (n = 28; 20-65 years old) were examined through a visual analog scale, and intra- and extra-oral muscle palpation. Mandibular maximum opening and neck mobility were also evaluated. Changes in parameters through time were analyzed via the Kruskal-Wallis test, while the Friedman test and dot-plots were used for comparative therapies assessment. General patient improvement was represented via an isometric Principal Component. Results: The Aqualizer® and physiotherapy resulted in improvement of all parameters except for mouth opening. Acupuncture improved extra-oral muscle pain and neck mobility. Conclusion: The Aqualizer®, physiotherapy, and oral acupuncture are effective initial pain therapies. Among all, physiotherapy provided the greatest benefits, followed by the Aqualizer®.