Revisión bibliográfica: enfermedad cardiovascular asociada al trasplante renal

Cardiovascular disease constitutes a group of clinical entities that in the transplant patient is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Around cardiovascular disease, multiple risk factors are recognized that determine its development. In this context, the objective of this research work was to describe these pathologies encompassed within cardiovascular disease with a focus on their diagnosis and treatment. For this, the bibliographic search and review was carried out, which included 25 articles, published between the years 2012 and 2022, which were retrieved from the PubMed database. The results obtained were the description of the five main pathologies that include cardiovascular disease in renal transplantation: heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, arrhythmias, valve disease, and coronary atherosclerotic disease. Within this group, heart failure was the most prevalent. Likewise, some risk factors were identified, such as arterial hypertension, whose prevalence exceeds 90%, and others specific to the transplant, such as immunosuppression, which was associated with the development of dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. It is concluded that in the context of a renal transplant patient with cardiovascular disease it implies: heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, atherosclerotic coronary disease and heart valve disease.