Análisis de techo y evaluación del estándar de la red móvil 5G versión 15 y contribución a la mejora de prestaciones de sistemas móviles de próxima generación mediante técnicas de acceso al medio ortogonales y no ortogonales

Advancements in next-generation mobile communication systems, such as 5G and its succes- sors, demand meeting a wide array of requirements, including increased capacity, enhanced ef- ficiency, low latency, and support for numerous connections. This study focuses on exhaustively analyzing the physical layer of 5G radio networks, with a particular emphasis on key effects li- ke propagation environments and channels, synchronization, and channel estimation accuracy. Detailed simulations were conducted using the Matlab 5G NR toolbox, assessing various chan- nel conditions and propagation models in both macro-urban and indoor environments. Results reveal that CDL and TDL channel models affect synchronization and channel estimation diffe- rently, underscoring their significance in system performance. This research provides valuable insights for developing techniques to enhance future networks beyond 5G. Additionally, a mul- tiple access management mechanism is proposed, combining orthogonal and non-orthogonal techniques through machine learning to optimize medium access control. The effectiveness of this proposal was evaluated using synthetic traces of human mobility, demonstrating a sig- nificant increase in network access capacity and improvements of up to 42.86 % in random mobility environments and 33.36 % in human behavior-based mobility environments (STEPS). These findings highlight the importance of adopting innovative approaches to maximize mobile network performance, which are crucial for the development of future network technologies.