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Unveiling the inherent physical-chemical dynamics: Direct measurements of hydrothermal fluid flow, heat, and nutrient outflow at the Tagoro submarine volcano (Canary Islands, Spain)

Authors :
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)
Martín-Díaz, Juan Pablo
González-Vega, Alba
Barreyre, Thibaut
Cornide, Bernardo
Arrieta López de Uralde, Jesús M.
Vázquez, Juan Tomás
Palomino, Desirée
Lozano Rodríguez, José Antonio
Escánez, José
Presas-Navarro, Carmen
Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)
CSIC - Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO)
Martín-Díaz, Juan Pablo
González-Vega, Alba
Barreyre, Thibaut
Cornide, Bernardo
Arrieta López de Uralde, Jesús M.
Vázquez, Juan Tomás
Palomino, Desirée
Lozano Rodríguez, José Antonio
Escánez, José
Presas-Navarro, Carmen
Fraile-Nuez, Eugenio
Publication Year :
2024

Abstract

Tagoro is one of the few submarine volcanoes in the world that has been monitored since its early eruptive stage in 2011 to present day. After six multidisciplinary oceanographic cruises conducted between 2014 and 2023 to gather a comprehensive dataset of georeferenced video-imagery and in situ measurements of hydrothermal flow velocities and hydrothermal fluid samples, we provide a robust characterization of the ongoing hydrothermal fluid velocity, heat flux, and nutrient release, along with an accurate delimitation of the hydrothermal field area. Our results reveal that Tagoro hydrothermal system extends from the main hydrothermal crater up to the summit, covering an area of 7600 m2. This hydrothermal field comprises thousands of small individual vents, displaying diverse morphologies such as crevices and delicate chimney-like structures, irregularly scattered across the dominant diffuse venting surface. Hydrothermal fluid temperatures and velocities at the substratum level reveal a clustered spatial distribution, ranging from 21.0 to 33.3 °C and 1.6–26.8 cm min−1, respectively. Furthermore, our findings indicate a discernible correlation between hydrothermal fluid temperature and vent density, while significant differences were observed between velocities from diffuse and focused areas. Additionally, heat fluxes exceed 200 MW across the entire active region, with heat flux values ranging from 6.06 to 146.87 kW m−2 and dissolve inorganic nutrient concentrations exhibit significant enrichments, comparable to the magnitude of important nutrient sources in the area as upwelling systems or mesoscale structures.

Details

Database :
OAIster
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.on1431965800
Document Type :
Electronic Resource