Comparative High-Density Linkage Mapping Reveals Conserved Genome Structure but Variation in Levels of Heterochiasmy and Location of Recombination Cold Spots in the Common Frog

Funding Nuestra investigación contó con el apoyo de las siguientes subvenciones: Ministerio de Educación de España (referencia CGL2011-23443), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (referencia BES-2012-055220), Agencia Autónoma de Parques Nacionales (referencia MARM 428/211), Ministerio de Educación de Estonia e Investigación (proyecto de financiación de investigación institucional IUT8-2) y la Academia de Finlandia (subvención n.º 266321).
By combining 7077 SNPs and 61 microsatellites, we present the first linkage map for some of the early diverged lineages of the common frog, Rana temporaria, and the densest linkage map to date for this species. We found high homology with the published linkage maps of the Eastern and Western lineages but with differences in the order of some markers. Homology was also strong with the genome of the Tibetan frog Nanorana parkeri and we found high synteny with the clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis. We confirmed marked heterochiasmy between sexes and detected nonrecombining regions in several groups of the male linkage map. Contrary to the expectations set by the male heterogamety of the common frog, we did not find male heterozygosity excess in the chromosome previously shown to be linked to sex determination. Finally, we found blocks of loci showing strong transmission ratio distortion. These distorted genomic regions might be related to genetic incompatibilities between the parental populations, and are promising candidates for further investigation into the genetic basis of speciation and adaptation in the common frog.
Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO)
Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC)
Agencia Autónoma de Parques Nacionales
Estonian Ministry of Education and Research
Academy of Finland
Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología
Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas
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