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Electron population dynamics in resonant non-linear x-ray absorption in nickel at a free-electron laser

Authors :
Engel, Robin Y.
Alexander, Oliver
Atak, Kaan
Bovensiepen, Uwe
Buck, Jens
Carley, Robert
Cascella, Michele
Chardonnet, Valentin
Chiuzbaian, Gheorghe Sorin
David, Christian
Doring, Florian
Eschenlohr, Andrea
Gerasimova, Natalia
de Groot, Frank
Le Guyader, Loic
Humphries, Oliver S.
Izquierdo, Manuel
Jal, Emmanuelle
Kubec, Adam
Laarmann, Tim
Lambert, Charles-Henri
Luening, Jan
Marangos, Jonathan P.
Mercadier, Laurent
Mercurio, Giuseppe
Miedema, Piter S.
Ollefs, Katharina
Pfau, Bastian
Rosner, Benedikt
Rossnagel, Kai
Rothenbach, Nico
Scherz, Andreas
Schlappa, Justine
Scholz, Markus
Schunck, Jan O.
Setoodehnia, Kiana
Stamm, Christian
Techert, Simone
Vinko, Sam M.
Wende, Heiko
Yaroslavtsev, Alexander A.
Yin, Zhong
Beye, Martin
Engel, Robin Y.
Alexander, Oliver
Atak, Kaan
Bovensiepen, Uwe
Buck, Jens
Carley, Robert
Cascella, Michele
Chardonnet, Valentin
Chiuzbaian, Gheorghe Sorin
David, Christian
Doring, Florian
Eschenlohr, Andrea
Gerasimova, Natalia
de Groot, Frank
Le Guyader, Loic
Humphries, Oliver S.
Izquierdo, Manuel
Jal, Emmanuelle
Kubec, Adam
Laarmann, Tim
Lambert, Charles-Henri
Luening, Jan
Marangos, Jonathan P.
Mercadier, Laurent
Mercurio, Giuseppe
Miedema, Piter S.
Ollefs, Katharina
Pfau, Bastian
Rosner, Benedikt
Rossnagel, Kai
Rothenbach, Nico
Scherz, Andreas
Schlappa, Justine
Scholz, Markus
Schunck, Jan O.
Setoodehnia, Kiana
Stamm, Christian
Techert, Simone
Vinko, Sam M.
Wende, Heiko
Yaroslavtsev, Alexander A.
Yin, Zhong
Beye, Martin
Publication Year :
2023

Abstract

Free-electron lasers provide bright, ultrashort, and monochromatic x-ray pulses, enabling novel spectroscopic measurements not only with femtosecond temporal resolution: The high fluence of their x-ray pulses can also easily enter the regime of the non-linear x-ray-matter interaction. Entering this regime necessitates a rigorous analysis and reliable prediction of the relevant non-linear processes for future experiment designs. Here, we show non-linear changes in the L-3-edge absorption of metallic nickel thin films, measured with fluences up to 60 J/cm(2). We present a simple but predictive rate model that quantitatively describes spectral changes based on the evolution of electronic populations within the pulse duration. Despite its simplicity, the model reaches good agreement with experimental results over more than three orders of magnitude in fluence, while providing a straightforward understanding of the interplay of physical processes driving the non-linear changes. Our findings provide important insights for the design and evaluation of future high-fluence free-electron laser experiments and contribute to the understanding of non-linear electron dynamics in x-ray absorption processes in solids at the femtosecond timescale.

Details

Database :
OAIster
Notes :
application/pdf, English
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.on1428122418
Document Type :
Electronic Resource
Full Text :
https://doi.org/10.1063.4.0000206