Green transformation or green colonialism : contrasting perspectives on how to address the climate and nature crisis

The aim of this paper is to, based on official statements in public documents as well as statements and opinions in media, identify how different perspectives that appear in the debate about the green transformation can be understood and justified in Norway and Sweden with a specific focus on land use. It is assumed that these perspectives can be linked to fundamental values such as for example anthropocentrism or ecocentrism. Given that different perspectives on land use can be identified, the paper also identify what type of policy instruments the literature suggests has a potential to bridge the different perspectives. The literature acknowledges traditional policy instruments (regulatory, economic and informative) including spatial planning, but also suggest testing more innovative policy instruments within the realm of economic incentives, information, and voluntary instruments, to mitigate land use conflicts in the context of green transformation.