Evaluation of Dry Eye Disease Characteristics of Children With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and MODY

Purpose:To assess dry eye disease characteristics of pediatric patients with diabetes.Twenty-one patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM), 20 with type-2 DM, 19 with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and 20 control participants were included in the study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear film break-up time (TBUT) analysis, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytologic analysis were performed.In Group 1, the Schirmer test and TBUT values were lower than the control group. In groups 1 to 3, OSDI scores were higher than the control group. In Groups 1 and 2, the goblet cell density was lower than the control group.Dry eye parameters of all three diabetic groups were adversely affected in favor of dry eye disease. Children with MODY have increased OSDI scores. Alterations in the conjunctival impression cytology were observed more prominently in patients with type-1 DM.This was a prospective, cross-sectional study. This study included 21 patients in group 1 who had been diagnosed with type-1 DM, 20 patients in group 2 who had been diagnosed with type-2 DM, 19 patients in group 3 who had been diagnosed with MODY, and 20 healthy participants in the control group. This study was conducted in collaboration with the departments of ophthalmology, pediatric endocrinology and metabolism, and histology embryology in a tertiary hospital. The study was designed considering the stipulations given by the Declaration of Helsinki, and appropriate approval was obtained from the ethics committee (approval code 2021/07-33). The parents or legal guardians of the patients or participants provided written informed consent before they participated in the study. Patients with diabetes were selected from among ophthalmology clinic patients who had been referred by the pediatric endocrinology and metabolism clinic to undergo routine eye screening. The control group consisted of healthy participants who did not have any systemic or ocular