Bone-Targeting Peptide and RNF146 Modified Apoptotic Extracellular Vesicles Alleviate Osteoporosis

Linyuan Gui,1,* Qingyuan Ye,2,* Lu Yu,3 Geng Dou,1 Yang Zhou,1 Yang Liu,4 Yanqi Zhang,5 Xiaoshan Yang,1,6 Fang Jin,5 Shiyu Liu,1 Yan Jin,1 Lili Ren1 1State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Digital Dentistry Center, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China; 5State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China; 6Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lili Ren; Yan Jin, State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofaci