Radiološka analiza nekih vrsta lekovitog bilja sa područja Gučeva i procena godišnje efektivne doze usled ingestije

U bogatoj flori Srbije uspeva veliki broj vrsta lekovitog bilja čiji se sastojci koriste u farmaceutskoj industriji i medicini, kako zvaničnoj tako i narodnoj. Pored toga lekovito bilje se u velikoj meri koristi u svakodnevnoj upotrebi kao neka vrsta napitka. Prirodni radionuklidi (radionuklidi uranovog i torijumovog niza kao i K-40) sastavni su deo naše životne sredine, a kao posledicu nuklearnih akcidenata imamo i prisustvo antropogenih radionuklida, pre svega Cs-137. Masovna upotreba lekovitog bilja predstavlja radijaciono opterećenje za široku populaciju, pa je zbog toga neophodan redovan monitoring. U ovom radu analizirano je 9 vrsta lekovitog bilja sa područja Gučeva (Zapadna Srbija). Specifične aktivnosti prirodnih radionuklida Pb-210 i K-40, kao i Cs-137 određene su merenjem svih uzoraka na poluprovodničkom HPGe spektrometru. Izračunate su godišnje efektivne doze usled ingestije za svaki izmereni radionuklid, i za dve starosne kategorije (uzrast od jedne godine i odrasla osoba). Svi proračuni su zasnovani na pretpostavci da se dnevno pije 200 ml čaja priprepremljenog korišćenjem određene lekovite biljake. Dobijene vrednosti za efektivnu dozu ingestije upućuju na zaključak da svakodnevna upotreba čajeva od lekovitih biljaka sa analiziranog područja ne predstavlja značajan radiološki rizik po zdravlje odrasle osobe, ali je neophodan oprez i obazrivost kada su u pitanju deca.
In the rich flora of Serbia, there are a large number of medicinal plants types used in the pharmaceutical industry and medicine. There is also a large percentage of daily use of herbal teas as some kind of beverages. Natural radionuclides (radionuclides of the uranium and thorium series as well as K-40) are an integral part of our environment, and as a consequence of nuclear accidents we also have the presence of anthropogenic radionuclides, primarily Cs-137. The significant use of medicinal plants represent a radiological burden for the general population, so the regular monitoring is needed. In this work, 9 types of medicinal plants from the area of Gučevo (Western Serbia) were analysed. The specific activities of natural radionuclides 210-Pb i 40-K as well as Cs-137 were determined using a semiconductor HPGe spectrometer. Annual effective dose due to ingestion were calculated for each measured radionuclide, and for two age categories (one year old and adult). All calculations are based on the assumption daily consumption of 200 ml of herbal tea. The obtained values for the annual effective dose due to ingestion point to the conclusion that the daily use of medicinal plant teas from the analyzed area does not represent a significant radiological risk for the health of adults, but caution and prudence are necessary when it is about children.