Transforming bodies, transforming society: the cultural impact of fitness

In the current era, fitness gyms and private health clubs constitute a colossal global industry. Fitness has evolved into a popular movement, yet one that bears no resemblance to the 20th century movements that are often intertwined with nationalist sentiments; rather, it has become a profoundly personalized preoccupation. This article delves into the historical development of the contemporary gym and fitness culture, formulating an analytical approach to understand the emergence of this multi-billion-dollar phenomenon. The analysis posits that the physical exercises, tools, and techniques employed by gyms across the world today are the outcomes of a physical culture that developed and was refined throughout the 20th century. Body ideals, exercises, techniques, and the pedagogy of fitness have evolved into an increasingly international enterprise. The article provides a preliminary analysis of this globalization of gym and fitness culture, identifying and examining three critical and conclusive phases.