Safety and Efficacy of Salvage Therapy With Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Malignant Meningioma Refractory to Cesium-131 Brachytherapy: Illustrative Case

BACKGROUND Anaplastic meningioma are rare, cancerous tumors of the central nervous system that often require multimodal therapy for tumor control. Both laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) and brachytherapy with implanted cesium-131 metallic seeds have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of recurrent and resistant anaplastic meningioma; however, their safety as a dual therapy has never been reported. OBSERVATIONS In this report, the authors present a case of a 53-year-old female who received LITT in combination with brachytherapy after surgical and radiation treatment options had been exhausted. The authors discuss the unique safety concern of thermal injury with this treatment combination and demonstrate their method for the safe administration of these treatments together. Furthermore, the authors provide a review of the literature on LITT as an emerging therapy for anaplastic meningioma. LESSONS The use of LITT in combination with brachytherapy remains an option for salvage therapy in patients with recurrent meningioma that provides durable local control of tumor.