Ferroelectric chiral nematic liquid crystals: new photonic materials with multiple bandgaps controllable by low electric fields

We have carried out a spectroscopic study on a prototype ferroelectric nematic material (RM734) doped with a non-polar chiral compound. The mixture presents two chiral nematic phases, one conventional (N*) and the other polar (NF*), whose behaviours under electric fields E are totally different. On the one hand, the N* phase shows a single reflection band if E is not very high, while fields perpendicular to the helix of a few V/mm are already sufficient to produce multiple bands in the NF* phase. On the other hand, the pitch of the NF* phase grows notably on increasing fields, however remaining practically constant in the N* phase. Both effects have been explained in terms of the different type of interaction with E in each phase (ferroelectric in NF* and dielectric in N*). We argue that the NF* phase behaves as a photonic material with multiple gaps tunable by small fields, which presents important potentials for applications. A study of the bandgaps has been carried out through the analysis of the dispersion relation of the optical eigenmodes in the NF* phase under field. Finally, an example of the potentials of the NF* phase within the field of nonlinear optics is briefly presented.