Regulacioni plan i direktivna regulaciona osnova Zagreba iz 1949.: sadržaj, kontekst vremena, nastanka i urbanističke prakse

Regulacioni plan i direktivna regulaciona osnova Zagreba iz 1949. godine prvi je urbanistički prijedlog razvoja Zagreba nakon Drugoga svjetskog rata. Glavni je tvorac dokumenta ing. Vlado Antolić sa svojim suradnicima u Urbanističkom institutu Narodne Republike Hrvatske. Dokument je nastavak prijeratnoga urbanističkog plana koji je stupio na snagu 1940., kako zbog ljudi koji su ga stvarali, tako i zbog ideja koje su prenesene u poslijeratno urbanističko planiranje. Poslijeratni urbanizam nastajao je u okolnostima velike nestašice materijalnih i tehničkih sredstava te kvalificirane radne snage. Ali, usprkos velikim poteškoćama pri izradi urbanističkoga plana, on je ponudio urbanistička rješenja koja su kasniji urbanisti u svojim urbanističkim planovima prihvatili. Članak analizira sadržaj Regulacionoga plana i direktivne regulacione osnove Zagreba iz 1949., kontekst poslijeratnoga vremena u kojemu se promijenio društveni i ideološki okvir, a unutar kojega je nastajala nova poslijeratna urbanistička praksa.
The Urban Regulatory Plan and Directive Regulatory Basis of Zagreb (DRB) of 1949 was the city’s first urban development proposition after World War II. The chief authors of the document were Vlado Antolić and his colleagues at the Urban Planning Institute of Croatia. The document was the conceptual and practical continuation of the pre-war Zagreb City Master Plan. These plans are linked through the key person of Vlado Antolić and his colleagues, Josip Seissel and Stjepan Hribar. The Zagreb City Master Plan of 1932/1940 and the DRB of 1939 are a rare example of continuity in urban planning that happened despite the great social and political changes that had taken place in the meantime. The greatest contributions of the architect Antolić in the first phase of the DRB projection from 1947 to 1949 were the preservation of the continuity and the application of the basic urban planning ideas upon which the Master Plan of 1932/1940 had been built and his persistent professional struggle against the ad hoc urban planning advocated by politicians and the local administration. Despite political resistance, Antolić managed to apply modern urban planning theories such as zoning by usage because he succeeded in defining and placing industry in two existing, expanded industrial zones. Antolić was highly knowledgeable in the modern urban planning theories of high modernism, but also pragmatic and a realist. He studied the existing longitudinal expansion of the city, which is a consequence of the topography, extant traffic routes, and hydrography. In the urban planning solutions proposed in the DRB of 1949, he preferred cautious and realistic direction over heedless and unrealistic competition. The second phase of the DRB, from 1949 to 1953, is the best example of the complexity of the conditions in which Zagreb urban planners patiently introduced the basic ideas of high modernism.