The Stacked Bar Model: Japanese-Peruvians' National Ethnic Identities Across Peru, Japan and the United States

This project has two intertwined goals: 1) to understand the formation of Japanese-Peruvians' national ethnic identities across Peru, Japan and the United States of America by analyzing data from 40-indepth interviews with Japanese-Peruvians living the United States, and 2) to develop and explain the Stacked Bar Model of Ethnicities and Ethnic Identities as a new analytical system by which to understand the national ethnic identities of migrants. In order to do this, Japanese-Peruvians' ethnic identities are treated as working outside of a zero-sum context and shown to function as multiple ordinal variables that can grow and shrink independently of each other. National ethnic requirements and ethnic othering qualifiers are then identified as ideal types of ethnic traits that govern the identities that are restricted and made available to Japanese-Peruvians in each country.