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Global maps of soil temperature
Authors :
Lembrechts, Jonas J. van den Hoogen, Johan Aalto, Juha Ashcroft, Michael B. De Frenne, Pieter Kemppinen, Julia Kopecký, Martin Luoto, Miska Maclean, Ilya M. D. Crowther, Thomas W. Bailey, Joseph J. Haesen, Stef Klinges, David H. Niittynen, Pekka Scheffers, Brett R. Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aartsma, Peter Abdalaze, Otar Abedi, Mehdi Aerts, Rien Ahmadian, Negar Ahrends, Antje Alatalo, Juha M. Alexander, Jake M. Allonsius, Camille Nina Altman, Jan Ammann, Christof Andres, Christian Andrews, Christopher Ardö, Jonas Arriga, Nicola Arzac, Alberto Aschero, Valeria Assis, Rafael L. Assmann, Jakob Johann Bader, Maaike Y. Bahalkeh, Khadijeh Barančok, Peter Barrio, Isabel C. Barros, Agustina Barthel, Matti Basham, Edmund W. Bauters, Marijn Bazzichetto, Manuele Belelli Marchesini, Luca Bell, Michael C. Benavides, Juan C. Benito Alonso, José Luis Berauer, Bernd J. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björk, Robert G. Björkman, Mats P. Björnsdóttir, Katrin Blonder, Benjamin Boeckx, Pascal Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Brum, Bárbara N. S. Brůna, Josef Buchmann, Nina Buysse, Pauline Camargo, Jose Luis C. Campoe, Otavio Candan, Onur Canessa, Rafaella Cannone, Nicoletta Carbognani, Michele Carnicer, Jofre Casanova-Katny, Angélica Cesarz, Simone Chojnicki, Bogdan Choler, Philippe Chown, Steven L. Cifuentes, Edgar F. Čiliak, Marek Contador, Tamara Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cremonese, Eodardo Curasi, Salvatore R. Curtis, Robin Cutini, Maurizio Dahlberg, C. Johan Daskalova, Gergana N. de Pablo, Miguel Angel Della Chiesa, Stefano Dengler, Jürgen Deronde, Bart Di Cecco, Valter Di Musciano, Michele Dick, Jan Dimarco, Romina D. Dolezal, Jiri Dorrepaal, Ellen Dusek, Jiri Eisenhauer, Nico Eklundh, Lars Erickson, Todd E. Erschbamer, Brigitta Eugster, Werner Ewers, Robert M. Exton, Dan A. Fanin, Nicolas Fazlioglu, Fatih Feigenwinter, Iris Fenu, Giuseppe Ferlian, Olga Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo Finckh, Manfred Finger Higgens, Rebecca Forte, T'ai G. W. Freeman, Erika C. Frei, Esther R. Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo García, Rafael A. García, María B. Géron, Charly Gharun, Mana Ghosn, Dany Gigauri, Khatuna Gobin, Anne Goded, Ignacio Goeckede, Mathias Gottschall, Felix Goulding, Keith Govaert, Sanne Jessen Graae, Bente Greenwood, Sarah Greiser, Caroline Grelle, Achim Guénard, Benoït Guglielmin, Mauro Guillemot, Joannès Haase, Peter Haider, Sylvia Halbritter, Aud H. Hamid, Maroof Hammerle, Albin Hampe, Arndt Haugum, Siri V. Hederová, Lucia Heinesch, Bernard Helfters, Carole Hepenstrick, Daniel Herberich, Maximiliane Herbst, Mathias Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hoffrén, Raúl Homeier, Jürgen Hörtnagl, Lukas Hoye, Toke T. Hrbacek, Filip Hylander, Kristoffer Iwata, Hiroki Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Jactel, Hervé Järveoja, Järvi Jastrzębowski, Szymon Jentsch, Anke Jiménez, Juan J. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Jucker, Tommaso Jump, Alistair S. Juszczak, Radoslaw Kanka, Robert Kašpar, Vít Kazakis, George Kelly, Julia Khuroo, Anzar A. Klemedtsson, Leif Klisz, Marcin Kljun, Natascha Knohl, Alexander Kobler, Johannes Kollár, Jozef Kotowska, Martyna M. Kovács, Bence Kreyling, Juergen Lamprecht, Andrea Lang, Simone I. Larson, Christian Larson, Keith Laska, Kamil Le Maire, Guerric Leihy, Rachel I. Lens, Luc Liljebladh, Bengt Lohila, Annalea Lorite, Juan Loubet, Benjamin Lynn, Joshua Macek, Martin Mackenzie, Roy Magliulo, Enzo Maier, Regine Malfasi, Francesco Malis, František Man, Matěj Manca, Giovanni Manco, Antonio Manise, Tanguy Manolaki, Paraskevi Marciniak, Felipe Matula, Radim Mazzolari, Ana Clara Medinets, Volodymyr Meeussen, Camille Merinero, Sonia de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita Meusburger, Katrin Meysman, Filip J.R. Michaletz, Sean T. Milbau, Ann Moiseev, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Mondoni, Andrea Monfries, Ruth Montagnani, Leonardo Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel Morra di Cella, Umberto Mörsdorf, Martin Mosedale, Jonnathan R. Muffler, Lena Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam Myers, Jonnathan A. Myers-Smith, Isla H. Nagy, Laszlo Nardino, Marianna Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona Newling, Emily Nicklas, Lena Niedrist, Georg Niessner, Armin Nilsson, Mats B. Normand, Signe Nosetto, Marcelo Nouvellon, Yann Nunez, Martin Ogaya, Romà Ogée, Jérôme Okello, Joseph Olejnik, Janusz Olesen, Jørgen Eivind Opedal, Oystein H. Orsenigo, Simone Palaj, Andrej Pampuch, Timo Panov, Alexey V. Pärtel, Meelis Pastor, Ada Pauchard, Anibal Pauli, Harald Pavelka, Marian Pearse, William D. Peichl, Matthias Pellissier, Loïc Penczykowski, Rachel M. Peñuelas, Josep Petit Bon, Matteo Petraglia, Alessandro Phartyal, Shyam S. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pio, Casimiro Pitacco, Andrea Pitteloud, Camille Plichta, Roman Porro, Francesco Portillo-Estrada, Miguel Poulenard, Jérôme Poyatos, Rafael Prokushkin, Anatoly S. Puchalka, Radoslaw Puscas, Mihai Radujković, Dajana Randall, Krystal Ratier Backes, Amanda Remmele, Sabine Remmers, Wolfram Renault, David Risch, Anita C. Rixen, Christian Robinson, Sharon A. Robroek, Bjorn J.M. Rocha, Adrian V. Rossi, Christian Rossi, Graziano Roupsard, Olivier et al. Lembrechts, Jonas J. van den Hoogen, Johan Aalto, Juha Ashcroft, Michael B. De Frenne, Pieter Kemppinen, Julia Kopecký, Martin Luoto, Miska Maclean, Ilya M. D. Crowther, Thomas W. Bailey, Joseph J. Haesen, Stef Klinges, David H. Niittynen, Pekka Scheffers, Brett R. Van Meerbeek, Koenraad Aartsma, Peter Abdalaze, Otar Abedi, Mehdi Aerts, Rien Ahmadian, Negar Ahrends, Antje Alatalo, Juha M. Alexander, Jake M. Allonsius, Camille Nina Altman, Jan Ammann, Christof Andres, Christian Andrews, Christopher Ardö, Jonas Arriga, Nicola Arzac, Alberto Aschero, Valeria Assis, Rafael L. Assmann, Jakob Johann Bader, Maaike Y. Bahalkeh, Khadijeh Barančok, Peter Barrio, Isabel C. Barros, Agustina Barthel, Matti Basham, Edmund W. Bauters, Marijn Bazzichetto, Manuele Belelli Marchesini, Luca Bell, Michael C. Benavides, Juan C. Benito Alonso, José Luis Berauer, Bernd J. Bjerke, Jarle W. Björk, Robert G. Björkman, Mats P. Björnsdóttir, Katrin Blonder, Benjamin Boeckx, Pascal Boike, Julia Bokhorst, Stef Brum, Bárbara N. S. Brůna, Josef Buchmann, Nina Buysse, Pauline Camargo, Jose Luis C. Campoe, Otavio Candan, Onur Canessa, Rafaella Cannone, Nicoletta Carbognani, Michele Carnicer, Jofre Casanova-Katny, Angélica Cesarz, Simone Chojnicki, Bogdan Choler, Philippe Chown, Steven L. Cifuentes, Edgar F. Čiliak, Marek Contador, Tamara Convey, Peter Cooper, Elisabeth J. Cremonese, Eodardo Curasi, Salvatore R. Curtis, Robin Cutini, Maurizio Dahlberg, C. Johan Daskalova, Gergana N. de Pablo, Miguel Angel Della Chiesa, Stefano Dengler, Jürgen Deronde, Bart Di Cecco, Valter Di Musciano, Michele Dick, Jan Dimarco, Romina D. Dolezal, Jiri Dorrepaal, Ellen Dusek, Jiri Eisenhauer, Nico Eklundh, Lars Erickson, Todd E. Erschbamer, Brigitta Eugster, Werner Ewers, Robert M. Exton, Dan A. Fanin, Nicolas Fazlioglu, Fatih Feigenwinter, Iris Fenu, Giuseppe Ferlian, Olga Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo Finckh, Manfred Finger Higgens, Rebecca Forte, T'ai G. W. Freeman, Erika C. Frei, Esther R. Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo García, Rafael A. García, María B. Géron, Charly Gharun, Mana Ghosn, Dany Gigauri, Khatuna Gobin, Anne Goded, Ignacio Goeckede, Mathias Gottschall, Felix Goulding, Keith Govaert, Sanne Jessen Graae, Bente Greenwood, Sarah Greiser, Caroline Grelle, Achim Guénard, Benoït Guglielmin, Mauro Guillemot, Joannès Haase, Peter Haider, Sylvia Halbritter, Aud H. Hamid, Maroof Hammerle, Albin Hampe, Arndt Haugum, Siri V. Hederová, Lucia Heinesch, Bernard Helfters, Carole Hepenstrick, Daniel Herberich, Maximiliane Herbst, Mathias Hermanutz, Luise Hik, David S. Hoffrén, Raúl Homeier, Jürgen Hörtnagl, Lukas Hoye, Toke T. Hrbacek, Filip Hylander, Kristoffer Iwata, Hiroki Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin Jactel, Hervé Järveoja, Järvi Jastrzębowski, Szymon Jentsch, Anke Jiménez, Juan J. Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S. Jucker, Tommaso Jump, Alistair S. Juszczak, Radoslaw Kanka, Robert Kašpar, Vít Kazakis, George Kelly, Julia Khuroo, Anzar A. Klemedtsson, Leif Klisz, Marcin Kljun, Natascha Knohl, Alexander Kobler, Johannes Kollár, Jozef Kotowska, Martyna M. Kovács, Bence Kreyling, Juergen Lamprecht, Andrea Lang, Simone I. Larson, Christian Larson, Keith Laska, Kamil Le Maire, Guerric Leihy, Rachel I. Lens, Luc Liljebladh, Bengt Lohila, Annalea Lorite, Juan Loubet, Benjamin Lynn, Joshua Macek, Martin Mackenzie, Roy Magliulo, Enzo Maier, Regine Malfasi, Francesco Malis, František Man, Matěj Manca, Giovanni Manco, Antonio Manise, Tanguy Manolaki, Paraskevi Marciniak, Felipe Matula, Radim Mazzolari, Ana Clara Medinets, Volodymyr Meeussen, Camille Merinero, Sonia de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita Meusburger, Katrin Meysman, Filip J.R. Michaletz, Sean T. Milbau, Ann Moiseev, Dmitry Moiseev, Pavel Mondoni, Andrea Monfries, Ruth Montagnani, Leonardo Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel Morra di Cella, Umberto Mörsdorf, Martin Mosedale, Jonnathan R. Muffler, Lena Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam Myers, Jonnathan A. Myers-Smith, Isla H. Nagy, Laszlo Nardino, Marianna Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona Newling, Emily Nicklas, Lena Niedrist, Georg Niessner, Armin Nilsson, Mats B. Normand, Signe Nosetto, Marcelo Nouvellon, Yann Nunez, Martin Ogaya, Romà Ogée, Jérôme Okello, Joseph Olejnik, Janusz Olesen, Jørgen Eivind Opedal, Oystein H. Orsenigo, Simone Palaj, Andrej Pampuch, Timo Panov, Alexey V. Pärtel, Meelis Pastor, Ada Pauchard, Anibal Pauli, Harald Pavelka, Marian Pearse, William D. Peichl, Matthias Pellissier, Loïc Penczykowski, Rachel M. Peñuelas, Josep Petit Bon, Matteo Petraglia, Alessandro Phartyal, Shyam S. Phoenix, Gareth K. Pio, Casimiro Pitacco, Andrea Pitteloud, Camille Plichta, Roman Porro, Francesco Portillo-Estrada, Miguel Poulenard, Jérôme Poyatos, Rafael Prokushkin, Anatoly S. Puchalka, Radoslaw Puscas, Mihai Radujković, Dajana Randall, Krystal Ratier Backes, Amanda Remmele, Sabine Remmers, Wolfram Renault, David Risch, Anita C. Rixen, Christian Robinson, Sharon A. Robroek, Bjorn J.M. Rocha, Adrian V. Rossi, Christian Rossi, Graziano Roupsard, Olivier et al.
Source :
Global Change Biology
Publication Year :
2022
Abstract
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Details
Database :
OAIster
Journal :
Global Change Biology
Notes :
text, English
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.on1366813429
Document Type :
Electronic Resource