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Global maps of soil temperature

Authors :
Lembrechts, Jonas J.
van den Hoogen, Johan
Aalto, Juha
Ashcroft, Michael B.
De Frenne, Pieter
Kemppinen, Julia
Kopecký, Martin
Luoto, Miska
Maclean, Ilya M. D.
Crowther, Thomas W.
Bailey, Joseph J.
Haesen, Stef
Klinges, David H.
Niittynen, Pekka
Scheffers, Brett R.
Van Meerbeek, Koenraad
Aartsma, Peter
Abdalaze, Otar
Abedi, Mehdi
Aerts, Rien
Ahmadian, Negar
Ahrends, Antje
Alatalo, Juha M.
Alexander, Jake M.
Allonsius, Camille Nina
Altman, Jan
Ammann, Christof
Andres, Christian
Andrews, Christopher
Ardö, Jonas
Arriga, Nicola
Arzac, Alberto
Aschero, Valeria
Assis, Rafael L.
Assmann, Jakob Johann
Bader, Maaike Y.
Bahalkeh, Khadijeh
Barančok, Peter
Barrio, Isabel C.
Barros, Agustina
Barthel, Matti
Basham, Edmund W.
Bauters, Marijn
Bazzichetto, Manuele
Belelli Marchesini, Luca
Bell, Michael C.
Benavides, Juan C.
Benito Alonso, José Luis
Berauer, Bernd J.
Bjerke, Jarle W.
Björk, Robert G.
Björkman, Mats P.
Björnsdóttir, Katrin
Blonder, Benjamin
Boeckx, Pascal
Boike, Julia
Bokhorst, Stef
Brum, Bárbara N. S.
Brůna, Josef
Buchmann, Nina
Buysse, Pauline
Camargo, Jose Luis C.
Campoe, Otavio
Candan, Onur
Canessa, Rafaella
Cannone, Nicoletta
Carbognani, Michele
Carnicer, Jofre
Casanova-Katny, Angélica
Cesarz, Simone
Chojnicki, Bogdan
Choler, Philippe
Chown, Steven L.
Cifuentes, Edgar F.
Čiliak, Marek
Contador, Tamara
Convey, Peter
Cooper, Elisabeth J.
Cremonese, Eodardo
Curasi, Salvatore R.
Curtis, Robin
Cutini, Maurizio
Dahlberg, C. Johan
Daskalova, Gergana N.
de Pablo, Miguel Angel
Della Chiesa, Stefano
Dengler, Jürgen
Deronde, Bart
Di Cecco, Valter
Di Musciano, Michele
Dick, Jan
Dimarco, Romina D.
Dolezal, Jiri
Dorrepaal, Ellen
Dusek, Jiri
Eisenhauer, Nico
Eklundh, Lars
Erickson, Todd E.
Erschbamer, Brigitta
Eugster, Werner
Ewers, Robert M.
Exton, Dan A.
Fanin, Nicolas
Fazlioglu, Fatih
Feigenwinter, Iris
Fenu, Giuseppe
Ferlian, Olga
Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa
Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo
Finckh, Manfred
Finger Higgens, Rebecca
Forte, T'ai G. W.
Freeman, Erika C.
Frei, Esther R.
Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo
García, Rafael A.
García, María B.
Géron, Charly
Gharun, Mana
Ghosn, Dany
Gigauri, Khatuna
Gobin, Anne
Goded, Ignacio
Goeckede, Mathias
Gottschall, Felix
Goulding, Keith
Govaert, Sanne
Jessen Graae, Bente
Greenwood, Sarah
Greiser, Caroline
Grelle, Achim
Guénard, Benoït
Guglielmin, Mauro
Guillemot, Joannès
Haase, Peter
Haider, Sylvia
Halbritter, Aud H.
Hamid, Maroof
Hammerle, Albin
Hampe, Arndt
Haugum, Siri V.
Hederová, Lucia
Heinesch, Bernard
Helfters, Carole
Hepenstrick, Daniel
Herberich, Maximiliane
Herbst, Mathias
Hermanutz, Luise
Hik, David S.
Hoffrén, Raúl
Homeier, Jürgen
Hörtnagl, Lukas
Hoye, Toke T.
Hrbacek, Filip
Hylander, Kristoffer
Iwata, Hiroki
Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin
Jactel, Hervé
Järveoja, Järvi
Jastrzębowski, Szymon
Jentsch, Anke
Jiménez, Juan J.
Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S.
Jucker, Tommaso
Jump, Alistair S.
Juszczak, Radoslaw
Kanka, Robert
Kašpar, Vít
Kazakis, George
Kelly, Julia
Khuroo, Anzar A.
Klemedtsson, Leif
Klisz, Marcin
Kljun, Natascha
Knohl, Alexander
Kobler, Johannes
Kollár, Jozef
Kotowska, Martyna M.
Kovács, Bence
Kreyling, Juergen
Lamprecht, Andrea
Lang, Simone I.
Larson, Christian
Larson, Keith
Laska, Kamil
Le Maire, Guerric
Leihy, Rachel I.
Lens, Luc
Liljebladh, Bengt
Lohila, Annalea
Lorite, Juan
Loubet, Benjamin
Lynn, Joshua
Macek, Martin
Mackenzie, Roy
Magliulo, Enzo
Maier, Regine
Malfasi, Francesco
Malis, František
Man, Matěj
Manca, Giovanni
Manco, Antonio
Manise, Tanguy
Manolaki, Paraskevi
Marciniak, Felipe
Matula, Radim
Mazzolari, Ana Clara
Medinets, Volodymyr
Meeussen, Camille
Merinero, Sonia
de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita
Meusburger, Katrin
Meysman, Filip J.R.
Michaletz, Sean T.
Milbau, Ann
Moiseev, Dmitry
Moiseev, Pavel
Mondoni, Andrea
Monfries, Ruth
Montagnani, Leonardo
Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel
Morra di Cella, Umberto
Mörsdorf, Martin
Mosedale, Jonnathan R.
Muffler, Lena
Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam
Myers, Jonnathan A.
Myers-Smith, Isla H.
Nagy, Laszlo
Nardino, Marianna
Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona
Newling, Emily
Nicklas, Lena
Niedrist, Georg
Niessner, Armin
Nilsson, Mats B.
Normand, Signe
Nosetto, Marcelo
Nouvellon, Yann
Nunez, Martin
Ogaya, Romà
Ogée, Jérôme
Okello, Joseph
Olejnik, Janusz
Olesen, Jørgen Eivind
Opedal, Oystein H.
Orsenigo, Simone
Palaj, Andrej
Pampuch, Timo
Panov, Alexey V.
Pärtel, Meelis
Pastor, Ada
Pauchard, Anibal
Pauli, Harald
Pavelka, Marian
Pearse, William D.
Peichl, Matthias
Pellissier, Loïc
Penczykowski, Rachel M.
Peñuelas, Josep
Petit Bon, Matteo
Petraglia, Alessandro
Phartyal, Shyam S.
Phoenix, Gareth K.
Pio, Casimiro
Pitacco, Andrea
Pitteloud, Camille
Plichta, Roman
Porro, Francesco
Portillo-Estrada, Miguel
Poulenard, Jérôme
Poyatos, Rafael
Prokushkin, Anatoly S.
Puchalka, Radoslaw
Puscas, Mihai
Radujković, Dajana
Randall, Krystal
Ratier Backes, Amanda
Remmele, Sabine
Remmers, Wolfram
Renault, David
Risch, Anita C.
Rixen, Christian
Robinson, Sharon A.
Robroek, Bjorn J.M.
Rocha, Adrian V.
Rossi, Christian
Rossi, Graziano
Roupsard, Olivier
et al.
Lembrechts, Jonas J.
van den Hoogen, Johan
Aalto, Juha
Ashcroft, Michael B.
De Frenne, Pieter
Kemppinen, Julia
Kopecký, Martin
Luoto, Miska
Maclean, Ilya M. D.
Crowther, Thomas W.
Bailey, Joseph J.
Haesen, Stef
Klinges, David H.
Niittynen, Pekka
Scheffers, Brett R.
Van Meerbeek, Koenraad
Aartsma, Peter
Abdalaze, Otar
Abedi, Mehdi
Aerts, Rien
Ahmadian, Negar
Ahrends, Antje
Alatalo, Juha M.
Alexander, Jake M.
Allonsius, Camille Nina
Altman, Jan
Ammann, Christof
Andres, Christian
Andrews, Christopher
Ardö, Jonas
Arriga, Nicola
Arzac, Alberto
Aschero, Valeria
Assis, Rafael L.
Assmann, Jakob Johann
Bader, Maaike Y.
Bahalkeh, Khadijeh
Barančok, Peter
Barrio, Isabel C.
Barros, Agustina
Barthel, Matti
Basham, Edmund W.
Bauters, Marijn
Bazzichetto, Manuele
Belelli Marchesini, Luca
Bell, Michael C.
Benavides, Juan C.
Benito Alonso, José Luis
Berauer, Bernd J.
Bjerke, Jarle W.
Björk, Robert G.
Björkman, Mats P.
Björnsdóttir, Katrin
Blonder, Benjamin
Boeckx, Pascal
Boike, Julia
Bokhorst, Stef
Brum, Bárbara N. S.
Brůna, Josef
Buchmann, Nina
Buysse, Pauline
Camargo, Jose Luis C.
Campoe, Otavio
Candan, Onur
Canessa, Rafaella
Cannone, Nicoletta
Carbognani, Michele
Carnicer, Jofre
Casanova-Katny, Angélica
Cesarz, Simone
Chojnicki, Bogdan
Choler, Philippe
Chown, Steven L.
Cifuentes, Edgar F.
Čiliak, Marek
Contador, Tamara
Convey, Peter
Cooper, Elisabeth J.
Cremonese, Eodardo
Curasi, Salvatore R.
Curtis, Robin
Cutini, Maurizio
Dahlberg, C. Johan
Daskalova, Gergana N.
de Pablo, Miguel Angel
Della Chiesa, Stefano
Dengler, Jürgen
Deronde, Bart
Di Cecco, Valter
Di Musciano, Michele
Dick, Jan
Dimarco, Romina D.
Dolezal, Jiri
Dorrepaal, Ellen
Dusek, Jiri
Eisenhauer, Nico
Eklundh, Lars
Erickson, Todd E.
Erschbamer, Brigitta
Eugster, Werner
Ewers, Robert M.
Exton, Dan A.
Fanin, Nicolas
Fazlioglu, Fatih
Feigenwinter, Iris
Fenu, Giuseppe
Ferlian, Olga
Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa
Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo
Finckh, Manfred
Finger Higgens, Rebecca
Forte, T'ai G. W.
Freeman, Erika C.
Frei, Esther R.
Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo
García, Rafael A.
García, María B.
Géron, Charly
Gharun, Mana
Ghosn, Dany
Gigauri, Khatuna
Gobin, Anne
Goded, Ignacio
Goeckede, Mathias
Gottschall, Felix
Goulding, Keith
Govaert, Sanne
Jessen Graae, Bente
Greenwood, Sarah
Greiser, Caroline
Grelle, Achim
Guénard, Benoït
Guglielmin, Mauro
Guillemot, Joannès
Haase, Peter
Haider, Sylvia
Halbritter, Aud H.
Hamid, Maroof
Hammerle, Albin
Hampe, Arndt
Haugum, Siri V.
Hederová, Lucia
Heinesch, Bernard
Helfters, Carole
Hepenstrick, Daniel
Herberich, Maximiliane
Herbst, Mathias
Hermanutz, Luise
Hik, David S.
Hoffrén, Raúl
Homeier, Jürgen
Hörtnagl, Lukas
Hoye, Toke T.
Hrbacek, Filip
Hylander, Kristoffer
Iwata, Hiroki
Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin
Jactel, Hervé
Järveoja, Järvi
Jastrzębowski, Szymon
Jentsch, Anke
Jiménez, Juan J.
Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S.
Jucker, Tommaso
Jump, Alistair S.
Juszczak, Radoslaw
Kanka, Robert
Kašpar, Vít
Kazakis, George
Kelly, Julia
Khuroo, Anzar A.
Klemedtsson, Leif
Klisz, Marcin
Kljun, Natascha
Knohl, Alexander
Kobler, Johannes
Kollár, Jozef
Kotowska, Martyna M.
Kovács, Bence
Kreyling, Juergen
Lamprecht, Andrea
Lang, Simone I.
Larson, Christian
Larson, Keith
Laska, Kamil
Le Maire, Guerric
Leihy, Rachel I.
Lens, Luc
Liljebladh, Bengt
Lohila, Annalea
Lorite, Juan
Loubet, Benjamin
Lynn, Joshua
Macek, Martin
Mackenzie, Roy
Magliulo, Enzo
Maier, Regine
Malfasi, Francesco
Malis, František
Man, Matěj
Manca, Giovanni
Manco, Antonio
Manise, Tanguy
Manolaki, Paraskevi
Marciniak, Felipe
Matula, Radim
Mazzolari, Ana Clara
Medinets, Volodymyr
Meeussen, Camille
Merinero, Sonia
de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita
Meusburger, Katrin
Meysman, Filip J.R.
Michaletz, Sean T.
Milbau, Ann
Moiseev, Dmitry
Moiseev, Pavel
Mondoni, Andrea
Monfries, Ruth
Montagnani, Leonardo
Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel
Morra di Cella, Umberto
Mörsdorf, Martin
Mosedale, Jonnathan R.
Muffler, Lena
Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam
Myers, Jonnathan A.
Myers-Smith, Isla H.
Nagy, Laszlo
Nardino, Marianna
Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona
Newling, Emily
Nicklas, Lena
Niedrist, Georg
Niessner, Armin
Nilsson, Mats B.
Normand, Signe
Nosetto, Marcelo
Nouvellon, Yann
Nunez, Martin
Ogaya, Romà
Ogée, Jérôme
Okello, Joseph
Olejnik, Janusz
Olesen, Jørgen Eivind
Opedal, Oystein H.
Orsenigo, Simone
Palaj, Andrej
Pampuch, Timo
Panov, Alexey V.
Pärtel, Meelis
Pastor, Ada
Pauchard, Anibal
Pauli, Harald
Pavelka, Marian
Pearse, William D.
Peichl, Matthias
Pellissier, Loïc
Penczykowski, Rachel M.
Peñuelas, Josep
Petit Bon, Matteo
Petraglia, Alessandro
Phartyal, Shyam S.
Phoenix, Gareth K.
Pio, Casimiro
Pitacco, Andrea
Pitteloud, Camille
Plichta, Roman
Porro, Francesco
Portillo-Estrada, Miguel
Poulenard, Jérôme
Poyatos, Rafael
Prokushkin, Anatoly S.
Puchalka, Radoslaw
Puscas, Mihai
Radujković, Dajana
Randall, Krystal
Ratier Backes, Amanda
Remmele, Sabine
Remmers, Wolfram
Renault, David
Risch, Anita C.
Rixen, Christian
Robinson, Sharon A.
Robroek, Bjorn J.M.
Rocha, Adrian V.
Rossi, Christian
Rossi, Graziano
Roupsard, Olivier
et al.
Source :
Global Change Biology
Publication Year :
2022

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Details

Database :
OAIster
Journal :
Global Change Biology
Notes :
text, English
Publication Type :
Electronic Resource
Accession number :
edsoai.on1366813429
Document Type :
Electronic Resource