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CMB-S4: Forecasting Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves
Authors :
Collaboration, CMB-S4 Abazajian, Kevork Addison, Graeme E. Adshead, Peter Ahmed, Zeeshan Akerib, Daniel Ali, Aamir Allen, Steven W. Alonso, David Alvarez, Marcelo Amin, Mustafa A. Anderson, Adam Arnold, Kam S. Ashton, Peter Baccigalupi, Carlo Bard, Debbie Barkats, Denis Barron, Darcy Barry, Peter S. Bartlett, James G. Thakur, Ritoban Basu Battaglia, Nicholas Bean, Rachel Bebek, Chris Bender, Amy N. Benson, Bradford A. Bianchini, Federico Bischoff, Colin A. Bleem, Lindsey Bock, James J. Bocquet, Sebastian Boddy, Kimberly K. Bond, J. Richard Borrill, Julian Bouchet, François R. Brinckmann, Thejs Brown, Michael L. Bryan, Sean Buza, Victor Byrum, Karen Caimapo, Carlos Hervias Calabrese, Erminia Calafut, Victoria Caldwell, Robert Carlstrom, John E. Carron, Julien Cecil, Thomas Challinor, Anthony Chang, Clarence L. Chinone, Yuji Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cooray, Asantha Coulton, Will Crawford, Thomas M. Crites, Abigail Cukierman, Ari Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan de Haan, Tijmen Delabrouille, Jacques Devlin, Mark Di Valentino, Eleonora Dierickx, Marion Dobbs, Matt Duff, Shannon Dunkley, Jo Dvorkin, Cora Eimer, Joseph Elleflot, Tucker Errard, Josquin Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fabbian, Giulio Feng, Chang Ferraro, Simone Filippini, Jeffrey P. Flauger, Raphael Flaugher, Brenna Fraisse, Aurelien A. Frolov, Andrei Galitzki, Nicholas Gallardo, Patricio A. Galli, Silvia Ganga, Ken Gerbino, Martina Gluscevic, Vera Goeckner-Wald, Neil Green, Daniel Grin, Daniel Grohs, Evan Gualtieri, Riccardo Gudmundsson, Jon E. Gullett, Ian Gupta, Nikhel Habib, Salman Halpern, Mark Halverson, Nils W. Hanany, Shaul Harrington, Kathleen Hasegawa, Masaya Hasselfield, Matthew Hazumi, Masashi Heitmann, Katrin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hill, Charles Hill, J. Colin Hlozek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hoang, Thuong Holder, Gil Holzapfel, William Hood, John Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hui, Howard Irwin, Kent Jeong, Oliver Johnson, Bradley R. Jones, William C. Kang, Jae Hwan Karkare, Kirit S. Katayama, Nobuhiko Keskitalo, Reijo Kisner, Theodore Knox, Lloyd Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Kovac, John Kovetz, Ely D. Kuhlmann, Steve Kuo, Chao-lin Kusaka, Akito Lähteenmäki, Anne Lawrence, Charles R. Lee, Adrian T. Lewis, Antony Li, Dale Linder, Eric Loverde, Marilena Lowitz, Amy Lubin, Phil Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Mantz, Adam Marques, Gabriela Matsuda, Frederick Mauskopf, Philip McCarrick, Heather McMahon, Jeffrey Meerburg, P. Daniel Melin, Jean-Baptiste Menanteau, Felipe Meyers, Joel Millea, Marius Mohr, Joseph Moncelsi, Lorenzo Monzani, Maria Mroczkowski, Tony Mukherjee, Suvodip Nagy, Johanna Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Natoli, Tyler Newburgh, Laura Niemack, Michael D. Nishino, Haruki Nord, Brian Novosad, Valentine O'Brient, Roger Padin, Stephen Palladino, Steven Partridge, Bruce Petravick, Don Pierpaoli, Elena Pogosian, Levon Prabhu, Karthik Pryke, Clement Puglisi, Giuseppe Racine, Benjamin Rahlin, Alexandra Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana Raveri, Marco Reichardt, Christian L. Remazeilles, Mathieu Rocha, Graca Roe, Natalie A. Roy, Anirban Ruhl, John E. Salatino, Maria Saliwanchik, Benjamin Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Schmitt, Benjamin Schmittfull, Marcel M. Scott, Douglas Sehgal, Neelima Shandera, Sarah Sherwin, Blake D. Shirokoff, Erik Simon, Sara M. Slosar, Anze Spergel, David Germaine, Tyler St. Staggs, Suzanne T. Stark, Antony Starkman, Glenn D. Stompor, Radek Stoughton, Chris Suzuki, Aritoki Tajima, Osamu Teply, Grant P. Thompson, Keith Thorne, Ben Timbie, Peter Tomasi, Maurizio Tristram, Matthieu Tucker, Gregory Umiltà, Caterina van Engelen, Alexander Vavagiakis, Eve M. Vieira, Joaquin D. Vieregg, Abigail G. Wagoner, Kasey Wallisch, Benjamin Wang, Gensheng Watson, Scott Westbrook, Ben Whitehorn, Nathan Wollack, Edward J. Wu, W. L. Kimmy Xu, Zhilei Yang, H. Y. Eric Yasini, Siavash Yefremenko, Volodymyr G. Yoon, Ki Won Young, Edward Yu, Cyndia Zonca, Andrea Collaboration, CMB-S4 Abazajian, Kevork Addison, Graeme E. Adshead, Peter Ahmed, Zeeshan Akerib, Daniel Ali, Aamir Allen, Steven W. Alonso, David Alvarez, Marcelo Amin, Mustafa A. Anderson, Adam Arnold, Kam S. Ashton, Peter Baccigalupi, Carlo Bard, Debbie Barkats, Denis Barron, Darcy Barry, Peter S. Bartlett, James G. Thakur, Ritoban Basu Battaglia, Nicholas Bean, Rachel Bebek, Chris Bender, Amy N. Benson, Bradford A. Bianchini, Federico Bischoff, Colin A. Bleem, Lindsey Bock, James J. Bocquet, Sebastian Boddy, Kimberly K. Bond, J. Richard Borrill, Julian Bouchet, François R. Brinckmann, Thejs Brown, Michael L. Bryan, Sean Buza, Victor Byrum, Karen Caimapo, Carlos Hervias Calabrese, Erminia Calafut, Victoria Caldwell, Robert Carlstrom, John E. Carron, Julien Cecil, Thomas Challinor, Anthony Chang, Clarence L. Chinone, Yuji Cho, Hsiao-Mei Sherry Cooray, Asantha Coulton, Will Crawford, Thomas M. Crites, Abigail Cukierman, Ari Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan de Haan, Tijmen Delabrouille, Jacques Devlin, Mark Di Valentino, Eleonora Dierickx, Marion Dobbs, Matt Duff, Shannon Dunkley, Jo Dvorkin, Cora Eimer, Joseph Elleflot, Tucker Errard, Josquin Essinger-Hileman, Thomas Fabbian, Giulio Feng, Chang Ferraro, Simone Filippini, Jeffrey P. Flauger, Raphael Flaugher, Brenna Fraisse, Aurelien A. Frolov, Andrei Galitzki, Nicholas Gallardo, Patricio A. Galli, Silvia Ganga, Ken Gerbino, Martina Gluscevic, Vera Goeckner-Wald, Neil Green, Daniel Grin, Daniel Grohs, Evan Gualtieri, Riccardo Gudmundsson, Jon E. Gullett, Ian Gupta, Nikhel Habib, Salman Halpern, Mark Halverson, Nils W. Hanany, Shaul Harrington, Kathleen Hasegawa, Masaya Hasselfield, Matthew Hazumi, Masashi Heitmann, Katrin Henderson, Shawn Hensley, Brandon Hill, Charles Hill, J. Colin Hlozek, Renée Ho, Shuay-Pwu Patty Hoang, Thuong Holder, Gil Holzapfel, William Hood, John Hubmayr, Johannes Huffenberger, Kevin M. Hui, Howard Irwin, Kent Jeong, Oliver Johnson, Bradley R. Jones, William C. Kang, Jae Hwan Karkare, Kirit S. Katayama, Nobuhiko Keskitalo, Reijo Kisner, Theodore Knox, Lloyd Koopman, Brian J. Kosowsky, Arthur Kovac, John Kovetz, Ely D. Kuhlmann, Steve Kuo, Chao-lin Kusaka, Akito Lähteenmäki, Anne Lawrence, Charles R. Lee, Adrian T. Lewis, Antony Li, Dale Linder, Eric Loverde, Marilena Lowitz, Amy Lubin, Phil Madhavacheril, Mathew S. Mantz, Adam Marques, Gabriela Matsuda, Frederick Mauskopf, Philip McCarrick, Heather McMahon, Jeffrey Meerburg, P. Daniel Melin, Jean-Baptiste Menanteau, Felipe Meyers, Joel Millea, Marius Mohr, Joseph Moncelsi, Lorenzo Monzani, Maria Mroczkowski, Tony Mukherjee, Suvodip Nagy, Johanna Namikawa, Toshiya Nati, Federico Natoli, Tyler Newburgh, Laura Niemack, Michael D. Nishino, Haruki Nord, Brian Novosad, Valentine O'Brient, Roger Padin, Stephen Palladino, Steven Partridge, Bruce Petravick, Don Pierpaoli, Elena Pogosian, Levon Prabhu, Karthik Pryke, Clement Puglisi, Giuseppe Racine, Benjamin Rahlin, Alexandra Rao, Mayuri Sathyanarayana Raveri, Marco Reichardt, Christian L. Remazeilles, Mathieu Rocha, Graca Roe, Natalie A. Roy, Anirban Ruhl, John E. Salatino, Maria Saliwanchik, Benjamin Schaan, Emmanuel Schillaci, Alessandro Schmitt, Benjamin Schmittfull, Marcel M. Scott, Douglas Sehgal, Neelima Shandera, Sarah Sherwin, Blake D. Shirokoff, Erik Simon, Sara M. Slosar, Anze Spergel, David Germaine, Tyler St. Staggs, Suzanne T. Stark, Antony Starkman, Glenn D. Stompor, Radek Stoughton, Chris Suzuki, Aritoki Tajima, Osamu Teply, Grant P. Thompson, Keith Thorne, Ben Timbie, Peter Tomasi, Maurizio Tristram, Matthieu Tucker, Gregory Umiltà, Caterina van Engelen, Alexander Vavagiakis, Eve M. Vieira, Joaquin D. Vieregg, Abigail G. Wagoner, Kasey Wallisch, Benjamin Wang, Gensheng Watson, Scott Westbrook, Ben Whitehorn, Nathan Wollack, Edward J. Wu, W. L. Kimmy Xu, Zhilei Yang, H. Y. Eric Yasini, Siavash Yefremenko, Volodymyr G. Yoon, Ki Won Young, Edward Yu, Cyndia Zonca, Andrea
Publication Year :
2020
Abstract
CMB-S4---the next-generation ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiment---is set to significantly advance the sensitivity of CMB measurements and enhance our understanding of the origin and evolution of the Universe, from the highest energies at the dawn of time through the growth of structure to the present day. Among the science cases pursued with CMB-S4, the quest for detecting primordial gravitational waves is a central driver of the experimental design. This work details the development of a forecasting framework that includes a power-spectrum-based semi-analytic projection tool, targeted explicitly towards optimizing constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$, in the presence of Galactic foregrounds and gravitational lensing of the CMB. This framework is unique in its direct use of information from the achieved performance of current Stage 2--3 CMB experiments to robustly forecast the science reach of upcoming CMB-polarization endeavors. The methodology allows for rapid iteration over experimental configurations and offers a flexible way to optimize the design of future experiments given a desired scientific goal. To form a closed-loop process, we couple this semi-analytic tool with map-based validation studies, which allow for the injection of additional complexity and verification of our forecasts with several independent analysis methods. We document multiple rounds of forecasts for CMB-S4 using this process and the resulting establishment of the current reference design of the primordial gravitational-wave component of the Stage-4 experiment, optimized to achieve our science goals of detecting primordial gravitational waves for $r > 0.003$ at greater than $5\sigma$, or, in the absence of a detection, of reaching an upper limit of $r < 0.001$ at $95\%$ CL.<br />Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures, 9 tables, submitted to ApJ. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.04473