Cadmium from phosphate rock and its effects on soil macrofauna in cocoa crops

It was evaluated the presence of cadmio available on the grounds of cocoa regarding to the rating of diversity of Simpson, in two types of agricultural systems; organic and conventional. In coordination with the cooperative Naranjillo, farming plots were selected of organic of cocoa farmer and conventional, both take place in the small village of Río Negro, Luyand district, Leoncio Padro province, Huánuco region. Each plot was split up in four parts; one control group, three treatments of 100g., 150g., 200g., during two phases of fertilization. For chemical analysis were obtained proof from the grounds according to the established methodology, for the macrofauna was used the method of the Tropical Sil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) program with extractions of seis to eight soils monoliths of 25 x 25x 20 cm, achieving to identify taxonomically until the family level where was identified the index of variety of Simpson. Subsequently, was used the statistical analysis of ANVA and the proof of multiples ranges and the proof of T student. The average contained of cadmio available for the conventional and organic cultivation in the groups of control were between de 0.183 ppm y 0.003 ppm, respectively. At the end if the two fertilized were found the higher values “0.537 ppm y 0.373 ppm” for the conventional and organic after six moths both for the 200g. treatment, influenced the great amount of phosphoric rock above the rating of diversity de Simpson, in such a way, by increasing the cadmio available, decrease the species number, mainly in the Lumbricidae, Formicidae.
Se evaluó la presencia de cadmio disponible en suelos de cacao sobre el índice diversidad de Simpson, en 2 tipos de sistema agrícola; orgánico y convencional. En coordinación con la cooperativa Naranjillo, seleccionamos 2 parcelas de agricultores cacaoteros orgánico y convencional ambos localizados en el caserío de Rio Negro, distrito de Luyando, provincia de Leoncio Prado, región de Huánuco. Cada parcela fue dividida en cuatro partes; 01 grupo control, 03 tratamientos de 100 g, 150 g y 200 g, durante dos etapas de fertilización. Se obtuvo muestra de suelos para análisis químico de acuerdo a la metodología establecida; para la macrofauna se utilizó el método del programa Tropical Sil Biology and Fertility (TSBF) con extracciones de seis a ocho monolitos suelos de 25 x 25 x 20 cm, logrando identificar taxonómicamente al nivel de familia, donde se determinó el índice de diversidad de Simpson.  Posteriormente se utilizó el análisis estadístico de ANVA y la Prueba de rangos múltiples de Duncan y prueba de T Studen. El contenido promedio de cadmio disponible para cultivo convencional y orgánico en los grupos de control fueron, 0.183 ppm y 0.003 ppm respectivamente. Al final de dos fertilizadas se encontró valores altos 0.537 ppm y 0.373 ppm para la convención y orgánico a los 6 meses ambos para tratamiento de 200 g. Influyo la mayor cantidad de roca fosfórica sobre el índice diversidad de Simpson, de tal modo al incrementar el cadmio disponible disminuye el número de familia, mayoritariamente las familias de Lumbricidae, Formicidae.