Glifosato en cuerpos hídricos: Problema ambiental

The need to increase food production in the world is creating more extensive agricultural systems, featured by large scales of production, where the control of pest and weeds are made through the application of chemical products. Many of them belong to a technological package that is the case of glyphosate in the cultivation of transgenic soy; given its high efficiency in the control of invasive plants, however, residues of this product can contaminate several compartments of the ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem being the most affected. Therefore, several adverse effects of this compound will be addressed to organisms that inhabit this ecosystem.
La necesidad de incrementar la producción de alimentos en el mundo está haciendo con que los sistemas agrícolas estén siendo más extensivos, caracterizándose por sistemas de producción a gran escala, donde el control de plagas y de malezas se hace mediante la aplicación de productos químicos. Muchos de los cuales son parte fundamental de un paquete tecnológico como es el caso del glifosato en el cultivo de soja transgénica; dada su alta eficacia en el control de malezas. Sin embargo, residuos de este producto puede contaminar varios compartimientos del ecosistema, siendo el ecosistema acuático el más perjudicado. Por lo que, serán abordados varios efectos adversos de este compuesto en organismos que habitan estos ecosistemas. ABSTRACTThe need to increase food production in the world is creating more extensive agricultural systems, featured by large scales of production, where the control of pest and weeds are made through the application of chemical products. Many of them belong to a technological package that is the case of glyphosate in the cultivation of transgenic soy; given its high efficiency in the control of invasive plants, however, residues of this product can contaminate several compartments of the ecosystem, the aquatic ecosystem being the most affected. Therefore, several adverse effects of this compound will be addressed to organisms that inhabit this ecosystem.Key words: Polluted water, pesticides, environmental impact, ecological risk.