What makes us the same? What makes us different?: Development of a shared model and manual of group therapy practice across art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy within community mental health care

Arts therapies draw upon many theories and models of practice, but lack consensus in shared factors of their provision. In preparation for a randomised controlled trial involving art therapy, dance movement therapy and music therapy, we used experiential and practice-based methods to develop a model and manual for mixed diagnosis arts therapies groups in community mental health care. Six arts therapists met over the course of a year to explore commonalities and differences in art, dance movement and music therapy groups. Arts-based and consensus methods were used to develop practice principles, which were expanded through workshops with arts therapists working in mental health services. A model, manual, training and adherence guide were produced, which incorporated role-play and video-based reflection. The model is underpinned by transdiagnostic and contextual psychotherapy theories. The manual outlines ten core principles, alongside 19 practice principles. Fourteen scenarios where therapists commonly intervene informed ongoing therapist training and development. This is the first model to describe practice across three types of arts therapies for mixed diagnosis groups in community mental health care. Whilst overall manual utility (including adherence) and effectiveness is yet to be assessed, the development methods may be informative for wider arts therapies groups and clientele.