Applications of membranes for sustainability

Applications of membranes in water and wastewater treatment, desalination, as well as other purification processes, have become more widespread over the past few decades. However, we continue to ponder on (i) how well do we get maximum benefits from membrane applications? (ii) In what areas of membranes do we need to further our fundamental understanding? (iii) Which membrane technologies find difficulties in scale-up? (iv) How good are we in integrating membrane technologies? (v) How can we improve the reliability of membranes and reduce the cost? (vi) Where are we in disseminating the needs if we are to use membranes all over the world? (vii) How can we bring true global collaborations? The membrane community all over the world is continuing to contribute to answer those questions. This Special Issue is also contributing answers to some of the above questions. The call for papers for this Special Issue invited researchers broadly, and the delegates of the International Conference on the Challenges in Environmental Science and Engineering, CESE-2019 (3–7 November 2019, at the Grand Hi-Lai Hotel in Kaohsiung, Taiwan) in particular, who are working on the above to submit original research papers, critical review articles, case studies and technical notes.